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Laughing Your Way > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Unilateral pupillary dilation
Compression of CN3

A

Uncal herniation

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2
Q

Headache that gets worse when lying flat and/or with Valsalva
Papilledema
Optic disc atrophy
Blindness

A

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

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3
Q

Management for idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

Acetazolamide
Diuretics

Seriously LP
CSF shunt
Steroids

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4
Q

Most common childhood malignant brain tumor

A

Medulloblastoma

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5
Q

Brain tumor
Headache
Ataxia
Obstructive hydrocephalus

A

Medulloblastoma

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6
Q

Headache
Vomiting
Ataxia
Afebrile
Head tilt
Torticollis

A

Infrantentorial/posterior fossa tumors

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7
Q

Headache
Seizure
Hemiparesis

A

Supratentorial tumors

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8
Q

Endocrinopathies
Behavioral changes
Visual disturbances
3rd ventricle obstruction
Hydrocephalus
Calcification in the sella turcica

A

Craniopharyngioma

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9
Q

Sinusitis
Headache
Vomiting
Focal neuro deficits
Brain enhancing lesion

A

Brain abscess

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10
Q

Neonate
Cranial bruit
Hydrocephalus
CHF

A

Vein of Galen malformation

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11
Q

Red blotches on skin/eyes
CNS effects
Intellectual disability
Decreased IgA and IgG
Respiratory tract infections
Hodgkin’s lymphoma (elevated AFP)
Autosomal recessive

A

Ataxia Telangiectasia

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12
Q

Slow/clumsy gait
Decreased strength
Decreased reflexes
Elevated plantar arch
Cardiomyopathy/CHF
Glucose intolerance (DM)
Autosomal recessive

A

Friedreich ataxia

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13
Q

Clumsiness
Distal muscles weakness
Absence of Lower DTRs
High plantar arch
Weakness
Distal calf muscle atrophy
Autosomal dominant

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

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14
Q

Syndeham chorea

A

Acute rheumatic fever

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15
Q

Chorea
Hypotonia
Emotional lability
Autosomal dominant

A

Huntington chorea

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16
Q

Treatment for chorea

A

Supportive
Haloperidol

Fluphenazine
Risperidone
Tetrabenazine

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17
Q

Neck hyperextension
Decreased extraocular movement

Treatment

A

Acute dystonic reaction

Benadryl

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18
Q

Specific repetitive movement
Improves/disappears with purposeful movement
Voluntarily suppressed

A

Tic

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19
Q

Weakness
Paresthesias
Localized back pain
Fever
Reduced LE sensation and bowel/bladder tone

Treatment

A

Epidural abscess

Abx
Steroids
Surgical decompression

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20
Q

Virus
Fever
Weakness then hypertonia/hyperreflexia
Bowel/bladder dysfunction
Lymphocytic infiltration and demyelination

A

Acute transverse myelitis

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21
Q

Treatment for extrinsic spinal cord lesion

A

High dose IV dexamethasone

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22
Q

Degeneration of anterior horn cells
Only motor dysfunction
Infancy
Poor suck
Tongue fasciculations

A

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1

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23
Q

Minimal vertebral opening
Spinal cord and nerves intact
Asymptomatic

A

Spina bifida occulta

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24
Q

Larger vertebral opening
Herniation if CSF and meninges
Intact spinal cord
Asymptomatic

A

Meningocele

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25
Q

Widely split vertebral opening
Herniation of CSF, meninges, spinal cord
Paralysis
Ortho and uro problems

A

Myelomeningocele

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26
Q

Steroid choice for spinal trauma

A

IV methylprednisolone 30mg/kg

27
Q

Decreased forehead wrinkling
Decreased smiling on affected side

Treatment

A

Bell’s palsy

Supportive
Prednisone

+/- acyclovir/valacyclovir

28
Q

Increase protein in CSF with normal cell count
Campylobacter jejuni
Proximal muscle weakness

A

Guillain barre syndrome

29
Q

Descending paralysis
Poor suck
Ptosis
Constipation, urinary retention
Disconjugate gaze
Diplopia
Dysphagia
Dysarthria

A

Botulism

Blocks ACh release

30
Q

Proximal muscle weakness worsens with activity
Ptosis
Thymoma

A

Myasthenia gravis

ACh receptor antibodies

31
Q

Diagnosis and management of myasthenia gravis

A

Tensilon test - edrophonium (ACh inhibitor)

Pyridostigmine (ACh inhibitor)
PLEX
Prednisone
Thymectomy

32
Q

X-linked recessive
Absence of dystrophin protein
Gower sign
Pseudohypertrophied calves
Elevated CPK
Xp21 abnormality

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

33
Q

Autosomal dominant
Striated and smooth muscle affected
Distal muscle weakness
Slow relaxation after contraction

A

Myotonic muscular dystrophy

34
Q

Marcus Gunn phenomenon

A

Abnormal interaction of trigeminal and oculomotor nerves

35
Q

Seizures
6mo to 6 yr
Most common
Febrile illness

A

Febrile seizures

36
Q

Simple febrile seizure

A

Generalized
< 15 min
1 episode in 24 hr

37
Q

Complex febrile seizure

A

Focal
> 15 min
> 1 episode in 24 hr

38
Q

3 hz per second spike and wave

A

Absence seizure

39
Q

Seizure caused by hyperventilation

A

Absence seizure

40
Q

Treatment for absence seizure

A

Ethosuximide

Lamotrigine
Valproic acid

41
Q

Side effects of valproic acid

A

Thrombocytopenia
Elevated LFTs and pancreatic enzyme levels
Teratogenic (meningomyelocele)
Hyperammonemia

42
Q

Side effect of Topiramate

A

Glaucoma

43
Q

Side effect of Lamotrigine

A

Steven Johnson syndrome

44
Q

Side effect of phenytoin

A

Teratogenic (fetal hydantoin syndrome)

45
Q

Myoclonic jerks of bilateral UE upon awakening
Generalized tonic clonic seizure
Absence seizure in 1/3 of patients

A

Juvenile Myoclonic epilepsy

46
Q

4-6 hz polyspike and wave discharges

A

Juvenile Myoclonic epilepsy

47
Q

Infantile spasms
Hypsarrhytmia (inferictal on EEG)
Developmental delay
3-9 mo
Repetitive flexing of head, trunk, extremities

A

Infantile spasm (west syndrome)

48
Q

Periventricular or cortical tubers
Infantile spasms, seizures
Cardiac rhabdomyomas
Renal angiomyolipoma
Shagreen patches
Ash leaf spots
Angiofibromas
Autosomal dominant

A

Tuberous sclerosis

49
Q

Treatment for tuberous sclerosis

A

ACTH
Vigabatrin

50
Q

Treatment for simple partial complex seizure

A

Carbamazepine

51
Q

Twitching, grunting, tongue rolling, choking sensation
Often cannot speak if occurs during wakefulness
Most common type of partial seizure in childhood
Autosomal dominant
Biphasic focal centrotemporal spikes and slow waves on EEG

A

Benign Rolandic epilepsy

(Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes)

Spontaneous remission by 12 yo

52
Q

Most common risk factor for cerebral palsy in premature newborns

A

Perinatal infection

53
Q

Spastic diplegic CP

A

Bilateral spasticity of legs
Delayed walking
Tip toe walking g
Normal cognition
No Seizures

54
Q

Spastic hemiplegic CP

A

Ipsilateral spasticity
1/4 cognitively impaired

55
Q

Spastic quadriplegic CP

A

Increased tone in all extremities
Intellectual disability
Seizures

56
Q

Dyskinetic (athetoid) CP

A

Spastic quadriplegia +
Dystonic and strange movements

57
Q

Ataxic CP

A

Hypotonia
Delay in motor and language milestones
Retention of primitive reflexes and or hyperactive reflexes

58
Q

Most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke in children

A

AV and cavernous malformations

59
Q

Next diagnostic step after presented with CVA on head CT

A

Cerebral angiography

60
Q

Stroke
Lactic acidosis
Sensorineural deafness

Best diagnostic study

A

MELAS
Mitochondrial encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke-like episodes

Molecular analysis of mitochondrial DNA

61
Q

Prophylaxis for cluster headache

A

Verapamil

62
Q

1st line treatment for infantile spasms

A

ACTH
Prednsolone
Vigabatrin

63
Q

Prophylaxis for migraine headache

A

Topiramate

64
Q

Impaired upward gaze
Dilated pupils
Better reactivity to accommodation than light
Retraction/conversion nystagmus with lid retraction
Compression or infiltration of midbrain rectum (pineal tumors)

A

Parinaud syndrome

Laughing Your Way (34 decks)

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