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Laughing Your Way > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

Next step for microscopic hematuria

A

Repeat UA in few weeks

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2
Q

Next step for persistent microscopic hematuria

A

Urine Ca/Cr ratio

If elevated, check 24hr total Ca excretion
If > 4 mg/kg/day — confirmed hypercalciuria

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3
Q

Red/pink discoloration in diaper

A

Urate crystals

Not hematuria

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4
Q

Myoglobinuria

A

Rhabdomyolysis

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5
Q

Differential for gross hematuria (+ microscopy and red)

A

HSP and Hereditary nephritis
Benign familial hematuria
MPGN
Alport and IgA nephropathy
Trauma
UPJ obstruction
Renal stones and crystals
Infectious
Abnormal cells

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6
Q

Most common renal stone in children

A

Calcium

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7
Q

Most sensitive modality to confirm renal stone

A

Non contrast CT

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8
Q

Predisposing factors of renal stones in IBD

A

Hyperoxaluria
Hypocitraturia

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9
Q

Best way to decrease urinary calcium excretion and prevent stone formation in urine

A

Thiazide diuretic

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10
Q

Mechanism of added calcium for renal stones

A

Decrease absorption of oxalate

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11
Q

Renal stone
Distal RTA 1

A

Ca phosphate

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12
Q

Orthostatic proteinuria

A

Proteinuria present during day but disappears when lying down

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13
Q

Best test for orthostatic proteinuria

A

First void spot urine

If protein disappears when lying down, check sCr. If sCr normal, f/u 3 mo

If protein does not disappear, check Ur p/c ratio. > 0.2 means renal disease

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14
Q

Renal failure
Persistent microscopic hematuria
Sensorineural hearing loss
Ocular defects
X-linked

A

Alport syndrome (familial nephritis)

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15
Q

Most commonly palpated masses in infants

A

Hydronephrotic kidneys (from UPJ obstruction)

Multicystic dysplastic kidneys

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16
Q

Diagnosing MCDK

A

Renal ultrasound

17
Q

Associated anomalies with MCDK

A

UPJ obstruction
Vesiclureteral reflex
Posterior urethral valves
Megaureter and duplication

18
Q

Bilateral flank mass
Oligohydramnios
Chronic portal HTN
Congenital hepatic fibrosis

A

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

19
Q

Renal disease
Cerebral aneurysms

A

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

20
Q

Most common pediatric kidney tumor

A

Wilms tumor

21
Q

Asymptomatic abdominal mass
HTN
gross hematuria
Aniridia
Hemihypertrophy
Does not calcify

A

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

22
Q

Calcification on abdominal mass Xray

A

Neuroblastoma

23
Q

Complications of nephrotic syndrome

A

Edema
High LDL/HDL ratio
Hypercoagulability, thrombosis
Immunodeficiency, hypogammaglobulinema
Invasive pneumococcal disease
HypoCa, HypoNa
Functional hypothyroidism

24
Q

Hematuria
Oliguria
Proteinuria
HTN
Azotemia

A

Nephritic syndrome

25
Q

Recurrent painless hematuria
URI < 1 week
> 10 yo
Normal complement

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease

26
Q

Correlates with worsening IgA nephrology

A

Persistent proteinuria

27
Q

African American
HIV
Heroin
Sickle cell
obesity
Normal complement

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

28
Q

SLE
Hep B, C
Cryoglobulinemia
SBE
Low C3

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

29
Q

Strep throat 1-3 weeks
Impetigo 3-6 weeks
Tea/coca-colored urine
Transient low C3
Normal C4
Low serum albumin (hemodilution)

A

Post strep glomerulonephritis (PSGN)

30
Q

Hemolytic anemia
Uremia
Thrombocytopenia

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

31
Q

FeNa

A

[(UrNa x sCr) / (UrCr x sNa)] x 100

32
Q

Indication for erythropoietin in CKD

A

Hgb < 8

33
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

CKD
Decrease production in 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (active vitamin D)
Decrease Ca absorption
Elevated PTH

34
Q

Effects of increased Phos in CKD

A

Suppress calcitriol production
Additional Ca loss
Increased PTH

35
Q

Age which GFR reaches adult value

A

2 yo

36
Q

Time it takes for creatinine to decrease to neonatal level from adult/maternal level

A

1-2 weeks

37
Q

Hypertension

A

BP > 95th percentile for age and sex
Taken on 3 separate occasions

38
Q

Causes of pediatric HTN

A

Polycystic kidney disease
11 and 17 hydroxylase deficiencies
Urinary reflux nephropathy
Renal artery stenosis
Neurofibromatosis
Coarctation of aorta
Pheochromoxytoma
Lupus
Hyperthyroidism
Cushings

39
Q

Renin level in renal stenosis as a renal cause for HTN

A

Elevated

Laughing Your Way (34 decks)

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