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Laughing Your Way > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of blindness in young children worldwide

A

Vitamin A deficiency

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2
Q

Xerophthalmia
Nyctalopia (night blindness)

A

Vitamin A deficiency

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3
Q

Bleeding gums
Scurvy
Leg tenderness
Poor wound healing
Follicular hyperkeratosis
Corkscrew-coiled hairs

A

Vitamin C deficiency

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4
Q

Hemolytic anemias in preemies

Neuropathies, peripheral edema, thrombocytosis, muscle weakness in older children

A

Vitamin E deficiency

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5
Q

Pseudotumor cerebri
Isotrentinoin
Hepatoxicity
Hyperostosis
Dry skin
Alopecia

A

Vitamin A toxicity

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6
Q

Active metabolite of vitamin D

A

1, 25 hydroxycalciferol (calcitriol)

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7
Q

Measured vitamin D

A

25-hydroxy vitamin D

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8
Q

Hypercalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Low PTH

A

Vitamin D toxicity

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9
Q

Caloric needs per weight

A

100kcal/kg for 1st 10kg
50kcal/kg for 2nd 10kg
20kcal/kg for additional kg

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10
Q

Required caloric intake for preterm and term infants

A

100-120 kcal/kg/day

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11
Q

Protein requirement for preterm and term infants

A

Preterm: 3.5 g/kg/day

Term: 2-2.5 g/kg/day (first 6 mo)

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12
Q

Recommended concentration of iron in iron fortified formula

A

12 g/L

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13
Q

Age to start supplementing iron if receiving more than 50% of calories from break milk

A

4 months

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14
Q

Milk protein allergy

A

IgE mediated
Rash
N/V

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15
Q

Lactose intolerance

A

Irritability
No rash or vomiting
Can be secondary to viral gastroenteritis

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16
Q

Milk intolerance

A

Not IgE mediated

17
Q

Indication for protein hydrosylate formula

A

Allergy to intact milk protein
Allergy to soy protein

18
Q

Heme+ stools or hematochezia
Can present with AMS, shock.
Are afebrile
Not IgE mediated

Management

A

FPIES
(Food protein induced enterocolitis syndrome)

Protein hydrosylate formula or eliminate protein from mother’s diet

19
Q

Scaly/eczematous dermatitis
Alopecia
Thrombocytopenia

Management

A

Fatty acid deficiency

IV lipids (linoleic and linolenic acid)

20
Q

Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Poor growth
Alopecia
No lichenification
Autosomal recessive
Weaned from breast feeding

A

Zinc deficiency

21
Q

Low serum copper
Low serum ceruloplasmin
High tissue copper
Pili torti
Developmental delay
Easily broken hair
X-linked recessive

A

Menkes kinky hair syndrome

22
Q

Liver disease
AMS
low ceruloplasmin levels
Kayser Fleischer

A

Wilson’s disease

Diagnosed by liver biopsy

23
Q

Apathy
Anorexia, thin hair
Dermatitis photosensitivity
Easy bruisability
Hypoalbuminemia, edema
Blanching erythematous rash with overlying reddish-brown scaling and sharply demarcated raised edges
Hepatomegaly

A

Kwashiorkor

(Chronic protein malnutrition)

24
Q

Fats in Breast milk

A

Linoleic and linolenic acids

25
Q

Electrolytes after 1 month of TPN

A

Normal calcium
Normal phosphorus
Elevated alkaline phosphates

26
Q

Colostrum

A

High protein (IgA)
Yellow
High carotene

27
Q

Cow’s milk compared to human breast milk

A

Higher phosphorus

Infant kidney cannot get rid of it fast enough. Leads to Hypocalcemia

28
Q

Contraindications to Breast feeding

A

CMV, HIV, TB, HSV lesions on breast
Antithyroid meds
Amphetamines, cocaine, PCP
Radioactive/cytotoxic
errors of metabolism
Antibiotics (Flagyl)
Antiepileptics (Diazepam)

29
Q

Adverse effects of starting solid food too young (ie before 4-6 mo)

A

Increase likelihood of GI infection
Difficult to digest (infants have low amylase)
Does not help sleep

30
Q

Overweight

A

BMI between 85th and 95th percentile for age and gender

31
Q

Obese

A

BMI > 95th percentile for age and gender

32
Q

Endocrine causes of obesity

A

Hypothyroidism
Cushing syndrome
Growth hormone deficiency

33
Q

Underweight
Muscle wasting
No edema
Normal hair

A

Marasmus

General nutritional deficiency

34
Q

Most common complication of NG feeds

A

Diarrhea

35
Q

Most severe complication of NG feeds

A

Vomiting with aspiration

36
Q

Muscle weakness
Fatigue
Abnormal electrolytes

Management

A

Refeeding syndrome

Restart feeds at 50% of targeted kcal/kg/day

37
Q

Electrolyte abnormalities in Refeeding syndrome

A

Hypokalemia
Hypophosphatemia
HypoMagnesemia
Hypoglycemia
Thiamine deficiency

38
Q

Metaphyseal fraying and cupping
Widening of epiphyses in distal radius/ulna

A

Rickets

39
Q

Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Corn mash consumption

A

Pellagra
(Vitamin B3 or niacin/nicotinic acid deficiency)

Laughing Your Way (34 decks)

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