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Laughing Your Way > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of conductive hearing loss

A

Effusion

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2
Q

Keratinization of the epithelial cells in the middle ear
Cystic-like mass
Result of chronic suppurative otitis media or chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction
Develop behind mid anterior quadrant of TM
Dissolve bone and reach CNS

A

Cholesteatoma

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3
Q

Most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Congenital CMV

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4
Q

Sudden onset of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss

A

Viral labyrinthitis

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5
Q

Most common cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss in childhood

A

Bacterial meningitis

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6
Q

Most common cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss on childhood

A

Bacterial meningitis

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7
Q

Test the vestibulocochlear nerve’s response to sound

A

Auditory brainstorm response (ABR)

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8
Q

Test the hair cell function
Measures sounds that are made by the cochlea

A

Otoacoustic emissions (OAE)

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9
Q

Middle ear function
Response to change in air pressure

A

Tympanometry

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10
Q

Type A tympanogram

A

Normal

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11
Q

Type As tympanogram

A

Shallow amplitude

TM scarring
Otisclerosis
Ossicular fixation

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12
Q

Type Ad tympanogram

A

Higher amplitude

Ossicular disarticulation

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13
Q

Type B tympanogram

A

No peak, Flat line, Low amplitude

Stiff membrane
Middle ear fluid
Obstructed tympanostomy tube

High amplitude - continuity between middle and outer ear with perforated TM

Absence of pressure or mobility

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14
Q

Type C tympanogram

A

Left shifted peaked graph

Eustachian tube dysfunction
Conductive hearing loss is likely

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15
Q

Diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media

Best diagnostic test

A

Recent abrupt onset (< 48 hr)
Bulging TM with effusion
Erythema of TM

Pneumatic otoscopy

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16
Q

Most common bacterial for acute otitis media

A

Strep pneumo
H flu
Moraxella catarrhalis
GAS

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17
Q

Most common bacteria for acute otitis media

A
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18
Q

Purulent ear drainage for > 6 wk

Most common cause
Treatment

A

Chronic suppurative otitis media

Pseudomonas
Topical/otic ofloxacin

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19
Q

Treatment of choice for recurrent otitis media

A

Tympanostomy tubes

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20
Q

Antibiotic choose for otitis media

A

1) high dose Amoxicillin (90mg/kg/day)

2) Augmentin

3) ceftriaxone IM x 3 days

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21
Q

Pain with pinna manipulation

Usual cause

A

Otitis externa

Pseudomonas

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22
Q

Most common suppurative complication of acute otitis media
Postauricular swelling
Tender masotoid
Outwardly displaced pinna

Diagnostic test

A

Mastoiditis

CT and tympanocentesis

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23
Q

Self-limited vertigo
No vomiting or LOC
Nystagmus
1-4 yo
Strong family h/o migraines

A

Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood

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24
Q

Most common causes of rhinitis

A

Allergy
Sinusitis
Polyps
Cystic fibrosis
Foreign body

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25
Q

Causes of nasal polyps

A

Cystic fibrosis (most common)
Aspirin sensitivity
Asthma
Allergic rhinitis
Chronic/recurrent sinusitis

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26
Q

Cyanosis while feeding
Resolution with crying

A

Bilateral choanal atresia

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27
Q

Common bacteria of sinusitis

A

Pneumococcus
H flu
Moraxella

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28
Q

When sinuses develop
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Frontal
Sphenoid

A

Birth
Birth
5-6 years
5-6 years

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29
Q

Study of choice for chronic recurrent sinusitis

A

CT

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30
Q

Unilateral
Blood tinged
Nasal discharge
Foul odor

A

Nasal foreign body

31
Q

Recurrent/worsening epistaxis

A

Posterior nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

32
Q

Reasons for recurrent strep pharyngitis symptoms following treatment

A

Chronic carrier state (repeat cultire)
Second infection
Noncompliance

33
Q

Strep + HSM

A

Mono

EBV or CMV

34
Q

Diagnostic eval for mono

A

> 4 yo: monospot
< 4 yo: viral-specific IgM

35
Q

Sexually active teenager
Erythematous patches

A

Gonococcal pharyngitis

36
Q

Widening of retropharyngeal space or if the paravertebral soft tissue

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

37
Q

Indications for tonsillectomy

A

Repeated infections
—7 in 1yr
—5 per year x2
—3 per year x 3

Airway obstruction
Malignancy

38
Q

Indications for adenoidectomy

A

Chronic sinusitis
Chronic adenoiditis
OSA

39
Q

Complications of T&A
Hypernasal voice

A

Velopharyngeal insufficiency

40
Q

Biphasic stridor
Refusal to lay down
Leaning forward
Drooling
“Thumb sign”

Treatment

A

Epiglottitis

Airway management
Ceftriaxone

41
Q

4-5mm ulcers
Posterior oral cavity
Spares gums and tongue

A

Herpangina

Coxsackievirus group A

42
Q

Grayish-white coagulum
Thin rim of bright erythema

A

Aphthous ulcer

(Canker sore)

43
Q

Tender red nodule on cheek
Deep seated plaques and nodules
Infant

A

Cold-induced panniculitis

44
Q

Normal waiting time for first toot eruption

A

16 mo

45
Q

Common causes of delayed eruption

A

Hypothyroid
Hypopituitarism
Ectodermal hypoplasia
Hypohidrosis
Rickets

46
Q

Transportation of Avulsed permanent tooth

A

Saliva or milk

47
Q

Micrognathia
Posteriorly displaced tongue
U-placed cleft palate

A

Pierre Robin sequence
(Failure of mandible to grow properly)

48
Q

When to repair cleft lip

A

10 weeks

49
Q

When to repair cleft palate

A

9-12 mo
+ pressure equalizing tubes

50
Q

Syndromes associated with cleft palate

A

Pierre robin
Crouzon
Apert
Treacher collins

51
Q

Treatment of choice for OSA

A

Adenoidectomy

52
Q

Most likely cause for post T&A (for OSA) respiratory distress

A

Pulmonary edema

53
Q

Causes of inspiratory stridor

A

4-6 wk: laryngo/tracheomalacia

1-4 yr: croup, Epiglottitis, foreign body

> 5 yo: vocal cord dysfunction, PTA, anaphylaxis

Tonsillar/adenoid hypertrophy
Masses

54
Q

Most common cause of congenital stridor

A

Laryngomalacia

55
Q

Suprasternal/subcostal retractions
Stridor worsens with agitation
Stridor worsens in supine position
Stridor improves with expiration and time
No feeding difficulties

A

Laryngomalacia

56
Q

Blunted inspiratory loop on spirometer
Weak, high-pitched cry

Diagnostic evaluation

A

Vocal cord paralysis

Flex nasolaryngoscopy or direct laryngoscope
CXR
Barium swallow

57
Q

Progressive, chronic hoarseness
No stridor or dysphagia

A

Vocal cord nodules

58
Q

Expiratory stridor
Feeding difficulties

Diagnostic evaluation

A

Vascular ring

Barium swallow

59
Q

Biphasic stridor

Diagnostic evaluation

A

Subglottic stenosis

Direct laryngoscope and bronchoscopy

60
Q

Steeple sign on CXR
Subglottic narrowing

A

Croup

61
Q

Barky nonproductive cough
Allergies
Psychological
No URI or fevers

A

Spasmodic croup

62
Q

Preauricular adenoapthy
Conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

63
Q

Neck mass
Reactive
Mobile
Tender
Not warm or erythematous

A

Cervical adenopathy

64
Q

Bilateral cervical lymphadenitis

A

Viral

65
Q

Unilateral lymphadenitis

Treatment

A

Bacterial

Augmentin + clindamycin

66
Q

Neck mass
Infected
Tender
Red and warm

A

Lymphadenitis

67
Q

Persistent sun mental and submandivular lymph node swelling
PPD < 10 mm
Violaceous (purplish) hue

Management

A

Atypical (NonTB) mycobacteria

Leave it alone

68
Q

Cervical adenitis not improving with antibiotics

A

Mycobacterium TB

(Positive IGRA)

69
Q

Nontender lymph node
Nonmobile

A

Neoplasm/malignant

70
Q

1 congenital cyst in the neck

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

71
Q

Midline anterior neck lesion
Moves upward with swallowing or sticking tongue out

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

72
Q

Mass of dilated lymph vessels
Turner syndrome

A

Cystic hygroma

73
Q

Remnant located anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Branchial cleft remnant

74
Q

Cystic mass
Pea sized
Overlying pore
Anterior sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Branchial cleft cyst

Laughing Your Way (34 decks)

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