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Laughing Your Way > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Failed CCHD screen

A

SpO2 < 90% in R hand or either foot

> 3% discrepancy x 3 between R hand and either foot

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2
Q

Murmur
Vibratory
Venous

A

Innocent

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3
Q

Murmur
3rd heart sounds disappears when sitting up

A

Normal

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4
Q

Fixed split 2nd heart sound

A

ASD

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5
Q

Cause of murmur in ASD

A

Increase in flow through the PV and sometimes PA branches

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6
Q

Murmur
Blowing/harsh
Holosystolic
LLSB

A

VSD

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7
Q

Systolic ejection click
Varies with respiration

A

Pulmonary stensosis

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8
Q

Systolic ejection click
Does NOT vary with respiration

A

Aortic stenosis

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9
Q

Continuous machine-like murmur
Bounding femoral pulses

A

PDA

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10
Q

Superior QRS axis
Down syndrome

A

AV canal defect

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11
Q

Vibratory murmur
Louder in spine

A

Still’s murmur

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12
Q

Murmur disappears with pressure on the jugular vein

Continuous murmur heard in 1st and 2nd R intercostal spaces that varies in intensity just by changes in neck position

A

Venous hum

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13
Q

LVH without Left axis deviation

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

Left axis deviation without LVH

A

Tricuspid atresia
AV canal defects

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15
Q

Causes of differential cyanosis

A

TGA + Aortic obstruction (CoA or iAA) or pulmonary hypertension

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16
Q

3 causes of severe cyanosis in immediate newborn period

A

TGA
Pulmonary atresia
Ebstein malformation

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17
Q

Main side effects of prostaglandin E1

A

Fever
Apnea

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18
Q

Cyanotic heart disease without murmur

A

TGA
Tricuspid atresia
Pulmonary atresia
TAPVR

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19
Q

4 components of Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
VSD
RVH with right axis deviation on EKG

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20
Q

Boot shaped heart on CXR
Single 2nd heart sound
Decreased pulmonary vascularity

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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21
Q

Complications after coarctation repair

A

Recurrence
Hypertension

22
Q

Complications of tetralogy repair

A

Arrhythmia
Syncope

23
Q

Management for Tet spells

A

Squatting
Morphine
Phenylephrine
Propranolol
Volume expansion

24
Q

Inability to hear previous murmur
CHD

A

Tet spell

25
Q

Most common congenital heart lesion

A

Transition of Great arteries

26
Q

Single 2nd best sound
Increased pulmonary vascularitis

A

Transposition of great arteries

27
Q

Genetic condition
Conotruncal defect
VSD

A

22q11 deletion

28
Q

Genetic condition
AV canal defect
VSD

A

Down syndrome

29
Q

Genetic condition
Aortic root dilation and dissection
Mitral valve prolapse

A

Marfan syndrome

30
Q

Genetic condition
Supravalvular aortic stenosis

A

William syndrome

31
Q

Genetic condition
Supravalvular pulmonic stenosis

A

Noonan syndrome

32
Q

Genetic syndrome
Coarctation of aorta

A

Turner syndrome

33
Q

Most common symptomatic arrhythmia in children

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

34
Q

Prolonged QT

Treatment

A

QTc > 460

Propranolol

35
Q

Most likely cause if Vtach + loss of consciousness

A

Torsades de pointes

36
Q

Diagnosis of Rheumatic fever

A

Recent group A strep infection

2 major criteria
Or
1 major + 2 minor criteria

37
Q

Major (Jones) criteria for rheumatic fever

A

Polyarthritis
Carditis
Subcutaneous nodules
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea

38
Q

Minor (Jones) criteria for rheumatic fever

A

Arthralgia
Fever
Elevated acute phase reactants
Prolonged PR interval

39
Q

Most common murmur in rheumatic fever

A

Mitral valve regurgitation

40
Q

Tender nodules on pads of fingers/toes

A

Osler nodes

41
Q

Non-tender red nodules on palms/soles

A

Janeway lesions

42
Q

Best study to diagnose endocarditis

A

Blood culture

43
Q

Most common cause is acute bacterial endocarditis in children

A

Staph aureus

44
Q

Treatment for staph aureus endocarditis

A

Vancomycin + beta lactamase resistant antibiotic (nafcillin, oxaxillin, cefazolin)

2-8 weeks

45
Q

Criteria for antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis

A

Unrepaired cyanotic heart disease
Heart disease surgically correct with hardware and other devices within the previous 6 months
Any residual defect near a prosthetic cardiac device
Prosthetic cardiac valve
Previous infective endocarditis
Cyanotic CHD
Repaired CHD
Cardiac transplant

46
Q

Timing of antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis

A

PO amoxicillin (50mg/kg or adult 2g)
60 minutes prior to the procedure

47
Q

Most common cause of myocarditis

A

Coxsackie group B virus

48
Q

Most common bacterial cause of pericarditis

A

Staph aureus

49
Q

Most important study to order when pericarditis or effusion is suspected

A

CXR

50
Q

Harsh crunch-like systolic sound over the precordium

A

Pneuomediastinum

51
Q

Harsh crunch like systolic sound over the precordium

A

Pneumomediastinum

Hamman sign

52
Q

Anterior filling defect in esophagus on lateral projection

A

Pulmonary sling

Laughing Your Way (34 decks)

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