Ophthalmology Flashcards
Ability to fixate
6 weeks
Color perception
2 months
Binocular vision with convergence ability
3 months
Preference for patterns, including faces
4 months
Pendular nystagmus
Intermittent head tilt
Nodding or head bobbing
Spasmus nutans
Self-resolves
Permanent loss of visual acuity due to active brain suppression of vision of the non-dominant eye when its vision has been limited
Amblyopia
Most common cause < 3yo is strabismus
Most common cause 3-6yo are strabismus and anisometropia
Persistent tearing (>1yo)
Photophobia
Blepharospasm (excess blinking)
Corneal clouding
Progressive enlargement of eye
Congenital Glaucoma
Acute infection (staph) of sebaceous glands in eyelid
Tender/painful
Treatment
Stye (external hordeolum)
Warm compress
Topical antibiotic
Blocked oil gland (meibomian or zeis)
Chronic inflammation
Painlesss
Chalazion
Lipogranuloma
Management for nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Massaging 2-3x per day
Compromised vision
Proptosis
Pain with EOM
Orbital cellulitis
Photophobia
Tearing
Intermittent sharp pain
Irregular red reflex
First diagnostic step
Corneal abrasion
Flourescein eye stain
Optic disc pallor
Narrow arterioles
Retinal pigment deposition
Retinitis pigmentosa
Flame-shaped hemorrhage
Retinal hemorrhage
Who to screen for ROP
BW < 1500g or GA < 32 EJ
BW 1500-2000g + unstable clinical course
When to screen for ROP
31-34 wk post conception
4-6 wk after birth
Whichever is later
Greatest risk factor for ROP
Prematurity (GA < 28 wk)
Broad thick ridge
Avascular or vascular retina
Neovascularization
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
Hyperacute
Hyperpurulent
Conjunctivitis
24-48 hr after birth
N. Gonorrhea neonatal conjunctivitis
Watery
Mucopurulent discharge
5-14 days after delivery
Treatment
Chlamydial conjunctivitis
PO erythromycin x 14 days
Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis
Adenovirus
Conjunctivitis-Otitis syndrome
Treatment
H influenza type B
Augmentin
Blunt trauma
Double vision/Diplopia when rooming to one side
Limited upward gaze secondary to inferior oblique/inferior recurs muscle entrapment
Intact pupillary reflexes
Blowout fracture
Inferior orbital wall fracture
Blood in anterior chamber
No Diplopia
Hyphema
Pain and severe photophobia
No Diplopia
Traumatic iritis
Visual deficit in peripheral field
Curtain-like
No disconjugate gaze
Detached retina