Ophthalmology

Question 1

Ability to fixate

Answer 1

6 weeks

Question 2

Color perception

Answer 2

2 months

Question 3

Binocular vision with convergence ability

Answer 3

3 months

Question 4

Preference for patterns, including faces

Answer 4

4 months

Question 5

Pendular nystagmus
Intermittent head tilt
Nodding or head bobbing

Answer 5

Spasmus nutans

Self-resolves

Question 6

Permanent loss of visual acuity due to active brain suppression of vision of the non-dominant eye when its vision has been limited

Answer 6

Amblyopia

Most common cause < 3yo is strabismus

Most common cause 3-6yo are strabismus and anisometropia

Question 7

Persistent tearing (>1yo)
Photophobia
Blepharospasm (excess blinking)
Corneal clouding
Progressive enlargement of eye

Answer 7

Congenital Glaucoma

Question 8

Acute infection (staph) of sebaceous glands in eyelid
Tender/painful

Treatment

Answer 8

Stye (external hordeolum)

Warm compress
Topical antibiotic

Question 9

Blocked oil gland (meibomian or zeis)
Chronic inflammation
Painlesss

Answer 9

Chalazion

Lipogranuloma

Question 10

Management for nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Answer 10

Massaging 2-3x per day

Question 11

Compromised vision
Proptosis
Pain with EOM

Answer 11

Orbital cellulitis

Question 12

Photophobia
Tearing
Intermittent sharp pain
Irregular red reflex

First diagnostic step

Answer 12

Corneal abrasion

Flourescein eye stain

Question 13

Optic disc pallor
Narrow arterioles
Retinal pigment deposition

Answer 13

Retinitis pigmentosa

Question 14

Flame-shaped hemorrhage

Answer 14

Retinal hemorrhage

Question 15

Who to screen for ROP

Answer 15

BW < 1500g or GA < 32 EJ

BW 1500-2000g + unstable clinical course

Question 16

When to screen for ROP

Answer 16

31-34 wk post conception
4-6 wk after birth
Whichever is later

Question 17

Greatest risk factor for ROP

Answer 17

Prematurity (GA < 28 wk)

Question 18

Broad thick ridge
Avascular or vascular retina
Neovascularization

Answer 18

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

Question 19

Hyperacute
Hyperpurulent
Conjunctivitis
24-48 hr after birth

Answer 19

N. Gonorrhea neonatal conjunctivitis

Question 20

Watery
Mucopurulent discharge
5-14 days after delivery

Treatment

Answer 20

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

PO erythromycin x 14 days

Question 21

Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis

Answer 21

Adenovirus

Question 22

Conjunctivitis-Otitis syndrome

Treatment

Answer 22

H influenza type B

Augmentin

Question 23

Blunt trauma
Double vision/Diplopia when rooming to one side
Limited upward gaze secondary to inferior oblique/inferior recurs muscle entrapment
Intact pupillary reflexes

Answer 23

Blowout fracture

Inferior orbital wall fracture

Question 24

Blood in anterior chamber
No Diplopia

Answer 24

Hyphema

Question 25

Pain and severe photophobia No Diplopia

Answer 25

Traumatic iritis

Question 26

Visual deficit in peripheral field Curtain-like No disconjugate gaze

Answer 26

Detached retina