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Laughing Your Way > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Genu varum
African American
Not rickets
Overweight (adolescent)

Medial Metaphyseal angulation (breaking)

A

Blount’s disease

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2
Q

Fracture through physis
Separation of epiphysis and metaphysis

Management

A

Salter Harris type 1 fracture

Cast x 2-3 weeks

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3
Q

Fracture through physis and metaphysis

Management

A

Salter Harris type 2

Closed reduction casting x 3-6 weeks

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4
Q

Fracture physis and epiphysis

Management

A

Salter Harris type 3

ORIF

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5
Q

Fracture though physis, metaphysis, epiphysis

Management

A

Salter Harris type 4

ORIF

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6
Q

Growth plate fracture
Crush injury
Microvascular compromise

A

Salter Harris type 5

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7
Q

FOOSH
fracture on one side of bone and not on other side

A

Greenstick fracture

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8
Q

Mutation in COL1A1 and COL1A2
Fractures
Blue/gray sclera
Triangular face
Macrocephaly
Large anterior fontanelle
Pectus excavatum or carinatum

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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9
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta
Most common type
Autosomal dominant
Preschool
Hearing loss

A

Type 1

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10
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta
Most severe
Lethal. Stillborn
Germinal
Mosaicism
Multiple fractures (“bag of bones”)

A

Type 2

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11
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta
Progressive deforming type
Fractures
Wormian bones
Codfish vertebrae

A

Type 3

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12
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta
White sclera

A

Type 4

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13
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta
Progressive calcification
No blue sclera

A

Type 5

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14
Q

Mass in sternocleidomastoid muscle
Head tilted

A

Congenital torticollis

Associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip

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15
Q

Fusion of cervical vertebrae
Short neck
Low Occipital hairline
Scoliosis
Spina bifida
Renal problems
Sprengel deformity
Deafness

A

Klippel-Feil syndrome

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16
Q

Failure of scapula to descend to normal position during fetal development

A

Sprengel deformity

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17
Q

Risk factors for developmental dysplasia of hip

A

Female (#1)
Breech positioning
Family history in first degree relative
Improper swaddling methods

18
Q

Diagnosing developmental dysplasia of hip

A

< 3 mo - ortalani/barlow
> 3 mo - limitations in hip abduction

< 4 mo (> 6wk) - US
> 4 mo - Xray (frog leg)

19
Q

Treatment for developmental dysplasia of hip

A

Pavlik harness

20
Q

Weakness/tenderness to muscle
Elevated CK
Recent URI

A

Viral myositis

21
Q

Recent URI
Hip
Hip pain or limp
Normal ESR

A

Transient synovitis

22
Q

Fever
Won’t walk or move extremity
Leukocytosis
Elevated ESR
Increased joint space on Xray
Warm, red, swollen joint
Positive gram stain

A

Septic arthritis

23
Q

Treatment for septic Arthitis

A

Joint aspiration
IV antibiotics

24
Q

Most common bacteria for septic arthritis

A

Staph aureus

25
Q

Septic arthritis
Sickle cell

A

Salmonella
Cefotaxime

26
Q

Osteomyelitis
Sickle cell

A

Salmonella

27
Q

Osteomyelitis
Nail

A

Pseudomonas

28
Q

Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Hip pain
Limping
4-10 yo
One femoral head smaller than other

A

Legg-Calve- Perthes disease

29
Q

Hip/knee pain
Limp
Leg extended and externally rotated
Male. Obese

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

30
Q

Pain below patella
Athletic adolescent
Excessive activity
Pain with knee extension against resistance

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease
(Tibial tuberosity apophysitis)

31
Q

Osgood-Schlatter disease
Heel

A

Sever’s syndrome
(Calcaneal apophysitis)

32
Q

Fluid-filled cysts
Not precancerous
Asymptomatic
Diagnosed as pathological fracture

A

Simple (unicameral) bone cyst

33
Q

Painful bone cyst
Associated with underlying tumor
Can cause nerve compression if on vertebra

A

Aneurysmal bone cyst

34
Q

Hypermobile
Poor wound healing
Easy bruisability

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

35
Q

Management for idiopathic scoliosis if
A) Curvature < 25 deg
B)Curvature 25-40 deg + > 2 yr of growth still expected
C) curvature > 40 def

A

A) Observation
B) Bracing
C) Surgery

36
Q

Fixed kyphosis
Puberty
Distended abdomen

A

Scheuermann disease

37
Q

Pulled by the arm
Not using arm
Arm held close to body
Elbow flexed
Forearm pronated

A

Nursemaid’s elbow

38
Q

3 causes of intoeing

A

Metatarsus adductus in infancy
Tibial torsion in toddlerhood
Femoral anteversion in early childhood

39
Q

Broad-based mass originating from surface of bone
Projective away from joint

A

Osteochondroma

Observation only

40
Q

Scoliosis management

A

< 20 deg - normal activity

25-45 deg - bracing

> 45 deg - spinal fusion or rod

41
Q

Mature peripheral ossification with a distinct margin surrounding a radiolucent center of immature osteoid and primitive mesenchymal tissue.

A

Heterotopic ossification

Laughing Your Way (34 decks)

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