PSY111 - ch8

Question 0

smallest meaningful unit of speech

Answer 0

morpheme

Question 1

elements of communication that aren’t part of the content of language but are critical to interpreting its meaning

Answer 1

extralinguistic information

Question 2

category of sounds our vocal apparatus produces

Answer 2

phoneme

Question 3

grammatical rules that govern how words are composed into meaningful strings

Answer 3

syntax

Question 4

largely arbitrary system of communication that combines symbols (such as words or gestural signs) in rule-based ways to create meaning

Answer 4

language

Question 5

meaning derived from words and sentences

Answer 5

semantics

Question 6

intentional vocalization that lacks specific meaning

Answer 6

babbling

Question 7

early period of language developed when children use single-word phrases to convey an entire thought

Answer 7

one word stage

Question 8

language developed by members of a deaf community that uses visual rather than auditoory communication

Answer 8

sign language

Question 9

proficient and fluent at speaking and comprehending two distinct languages

Answer 9

bilingual

Question 10

awareness of how language is structured an used

Answer 10

metalinguistic

Question 11

systems of signs invented by deaf children of hearing parents who receive no language input

Answer 11

homesign

Question 12

allowing an infinite number of unique sentences to be created by combining words in novel ways

Answer 12

generative

Question 13

account of language acquisition that suggests children are born with some basic knowledge oh how language works

Answer 13

nativist

Question 14

hypothetical organ in the brain in which nativists believe knowledge of syntax resides

Answer 14

language acquisition device

Question 15

account of language acquisition that proposes children infer what words and sentences mean from context and social interactions

Answer 15

social pragmatics

Question 16

view that all thought is represented verbally and that, as a result, our language defines our thinking

Answer 16

linguistic determinism

Question 17

reading strategy that involves identifying common words based on their appearance without having to sound them out

Answer 17

whole word recognition

Question 18

reading strategy that involves sounding out words by drawing correspondences between printed letters and sounds

Answer 18

phonetic decomposition

Question 19

any mental activity or processing of information, including learning, remembering, and perceiving, communicating, believing, and deciding

Answer 19

thinking

Question 20

our knowledge and ideas about a set of objects, actions, and or characteristics that share core properties

Answer 20

concept

Question 21

the process of selecting among a set of possible alternatives

Answer 21

decision making

Question 22

generating a cognitive strategy to accomplish a goal

Answer 22

problem solving

Question 23

phenomenon of becoming stuck in a specific problem-solving strategy, inhibiting our ability to generate alternatives

Answer 23

mental set

Question 24

difficulty conceptualizing that an object typically used for one purpose can be used for another

Answer 24

functional fixedness