PSY111 - ch7

Question 0

brief storage of perceptual information before its passed to short-term memory

Answer 0

sensory memory

Question 1

retention of information over time

Answer 1

memory

Question 2

visual sensory memory

Answer 2

iconic memory

Question 3

auditory sensory memory

Answer 3

echoic memory

Question 4

memory system that retains information for limited durations

Answer 4

short-term memory

Question 5

fading of information from memory over time

Answer 5

decay

Question 6

loss of information from memory because of competition from additional incoming information

Answer 6

interference

Question 7

interference with retention of old information due to acquisition of new information

Answer 7

retroactive interference

Question 8

interference with acquisition of new information due to previous learning of information

Answer 8

proactive interference

Question 9

organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing us to extend the span of short term memory

Answer 9

chunking

Question 10

repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short term memory

Answer 10

rehearsal

Question 11

repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them inn short-term memory

Answer 11

maintenance rehearsal

Question 12

linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of information inn shirt-term memory

Answer 12

elaborative rehearsal

Question 13

depth of transforming information, which influences how easily we remember it

Answer 13

levels of processing

Question 14

relatively enduring (from minutes too years) retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences, and skills

Answer 14

long-term memory

Question 15

type of long-term memory that appears to be permanent

Answer 15

permastore

Question 16

tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well

Answer 16

primary effect

Question 17

tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well

Answer 17

recency effect

Question 18

our knowledge of facts about the world

Answer 18

semantic memory

Question 19

recollection of events in our lives

Answer 19

episodic memory

Question 20

memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness

Answer 20

explicit memory

Question 21

memories we don’t deliberately remember or reflect on consciously

Answer 21

implicit memory

Question 22

memory for how to do things, including motor skills and habits

Answer 22

procedural memory

Question 23

our ability to identify a stimulus ore easily or more quickly after we’ve encountered similar stimuli

Answer 23

priming

Question 24

process of getting information into our memory banks

Answer 24

encoding

Question 25

a learning aid, strategy, or device that enhances recall

Answer 25

mnemonic

Question 26

refers to the process of keeping information in memory

Answer 26

storage

Question 27

reactivation or reconstruction of experiences from our memory stores

Answer 27

retrieval

Question 28

hint that makes it easier for us to recall information

Answer 28

retrieval cue

Question 29

generating previously remembered information

Answer 29

recall

Question 30

selecting previously remembered information from an array of options

Answer 30

recognition

Question 31

reacquiring knowledge that we’d previously learned but largely forgotten over time

Answer 31

relearning

Question 32

studying information in small increments over time (distributed) versus in large increments over a brief amount of time (massed)

Answer 32

distributed versus massed practice

Question 33

experience of knowing that we know something but unable to access it

Answer 33

tip-of-the-tounge (TOT) phenomenon

Question 34

superior retrieval of memories when the external context of the original memories matches the retrieval context

Answer 34

context-dependent learning

Question 35

superior retrieval of memories when the organism is in the same physiological or psychological state as it was during encoding.

Answer 35

state-dependent learning

Question 36

loss of memories from our past

Answer 36

retrograde amnesia

Question 37

inability to encode new memories from our experiences

Answer 37

anterograde amnesia

Question 38

knowledge about our own memory abilities and limitations

Answer 38

meta-memory