GenBioFinal - NewNotes Flashcards
what stage does the cell look for errors?
G2
what are small scale mutations?
“point mutations”
what is a medium scale mutation?
sequence repeats
- slippage can occur: code folds up on self
what are transposons?
- jumping dna
- cut and paste
what is retrotransposons?
copy and paste
what are large scale mutatuions?
chromosomal breakage
- very rare
what animal is similar to us?
mice
four types of biotechnology:
- restriction enzymes and dna cloning
- polymerase chain reaction (pcr)
- dna sequencing
- cloning of mammals
restriction enzymes and dna cloning
- multiple cloning sites - 15-20 restriction enzymes; NEVER found in plasmids
- sticky ends on dna from hydrogen bonding’
- ligase gives sugar phosphate backbone
- ligase enzyme causes sticky ends to be attracted to each other
- cut plasmid with ECO RI and cuts dna sequence with GFP that it wants
what is recombinant dna?
“chimeric dna”
- binary fission copies the cell/dna
- take cells and surround it with plasmids to make lots of copies of cell
polymerase chain reaction
- lots of dna in short period of time
- whole cycle repeats approx 40 times
- apply heat 97-98 C = denature pro.
- then cool dna = primers grab on to sequence of dna (anneal primers)
- temp of 72-75 C have Taq Polymerase
what is Taq Polymerase?
extends dna
- uses free dNTP, dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP (nucleotides)
what is dna sequencing?
- modified version of PCR
- Sanger method
what is sanger method?
- set up 4 tubes
- all get Taq Pol, dNTP/dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dTTP, primer, and ions
what is the label that get put on sugar phosphate?
A - radioactive or fluorescent label
