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Gen Eds > PHL110 - exam1 > Flashcards

PHL110 - exam1 Flashcards

1
Q

specialized vocabulary

A

lexicon

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2
Q

all things have a soul

A

animism

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3
Q

what are the building blocks of philosophy?

A

reasoning, logic, and argument

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4
Q

what is the point of an argument?

A

to reach the truth

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5
Q

includes human element; preferences

A

subjectivity

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6
Q

a statement that no one can argue with; without any human interference

A

objectivity

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7
Q

the study of reality; oldest branch of ; craziest ideas

A

metaphysics

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8
Q

the study of knowledge

A

epistemology

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9
Q

the study of behavior

A

ethics

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10
Q

original type of philosophy; the study of being; eventually became metaphysics

A

ontology

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11
Q

that a substance is made from more than one thing

A

pluralism

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12
Q

when a substance is made from one thing

A

monism

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13
Q

1st philosopher to question the natural world; believed in monism; believed that everything was made from water

A

Thales

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14
Q

foreshadowed DNA/molecules; drew map of known world

A

Anaximander

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15
Q

saw the world as a grand harmony with mathematical perspective; saw/found numbers; Pythagorean theorem; discovered musical scales and harmony; music of the spheres; music is math

A

Pythagoras

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16
Q

he believed that everything is we see is on fire; believed that everything is constantly moving (flux); the sun is new each day; you cant step into the same river twice

A

Heraclitus

- weeping philosopher

17
Q

opposite of Heraclitus; reality is in a steady state

A

Parmenides

18
Q

called atoms tiny bits of uncuttable matter

A

The Atomists

- Democritus was known as the laughing philosopher

19
Q

group of people that taught people how to argue persuasively; interested in teaching rhetorical techniques ad tricks needed to win an argument at all costs

A

Sophists

20
Q

the art of using language effectively

A

rhetoric

21
Q

ex: cops giving more tickets to men than women

A

double standard

22
Q

“justice is nothing but the advantage of the stronger”; “_____ is nothing more than the truth”

A

persuasion

Thrasymachus

23
Q

was well loved; questioned the status quo; knowledge is virtue; know yourself

A

Socrates

24
Q

philosopher king; founded the Academy; rationalist ; tromp l’oeil ; thought that all things were in Ideal Form

A

Plato

25
Q

the 1st college in history

A

Platos Academy

26
Q

Plato’s short educational story; the journey through stages of knowledge ; demonstrates his Theory of Forms

  • The trapped prisoners represent the regular people who can only see the shadows of the true forms
  • The escaped prisoner represents the Philosopher who is trying to reach the world of Forms
  • The outside world represents the world of Forms, where the true form of beauty lies
  • The sun represents the form of the Good, as it is the source of all other forms.
A

Allegory of the cave

27
Q

truth can only be achieved through reason

A

rationalism

28
Q

french; to fool the eye

A

trompe l’oeil

29
Q

studied with Plato, but disagreed with him; father of modern science; empiricist; essence; believed that matter and form make up things

A

Aristotle

30
Q

Aristotle started this school because his ideas were different from Platos

A

Lyceum

31
Q

Aristotle’s 4 causes:

A
  1. Material Cause – this is the substance that something is made from. For example, a TV is made from glass and metal and plastic.
  2. Formal Cause – this refers to what gives the matter its form. For example, a TV is not just a piece of glass but glass and metal arranged in a certain way and programmed to work as it does.
  3. Efficient Cause – this refers to the reason behind somethings existence. For example, a TV exists because someone has the idea to build one and put all the parts together to make it work.
  4. Final Cause – this cause is the reason why something is the way it is. This asks the question, what is the function of this object? Why does a TV have glass on the screen? So that we can watch it. The reason why a thing exists in the first place, what is its function.
32
Q

truth is achieved through the senses or experiences

A

empiricism

33
Q

change happens in order for things to fulfill their potential

A

essence (telos)

34
Q

thought that all matter in the universe was composed of indivisible atoms

A

Democritus

35
Q

Method involving a technique for establishing an informed conclusion; from greek word argue or converse

A

dialect

36
Q

uses questions and analysis to draw people into an exchange of ideas regarding a central concept, in an attempt to get at the essential nature of that concept; practiced by Socrates and sought to strip away pretensions, inconsistencies, and false ideas to get a universal truth

A

the socratic method

37
Q

Aristotle and Plato agreed that:

A

That genuine knowledge must be universal and both wanted to determine the nature of reality

38
Q

-Form - the ideal essence of everything that exists

  • Plato was concerned with the ideal Forms of concepts such as Beauty, Truth, Justice and the Good
  • He observed that the term beauty may be applied to different objects and people.
  • However, there are many types of beauty
  • Plato suggests that underlying all of these is the real Form of beauty
  • And some part of the idea of beauty is imitated by all the different beautiful things.
  • Plato says that there must be somewhere where these Forms exist
  • As a form is unchanging as it is not a physical object and it can never die, so it cannot be in the material world
  • Plato suggests that in our world there are only shadows and images of the Forms
  • When we are born, we have some recollection of what the Forms are – he suggests evidence for this is that we all have a basic understanding of what beauty is without being taught it
  • However, through our lives we lose the idea of the True forms
  • The Philosopher is someone who tries to escape the material world and see the Forms that lie behind it
  • In his book, The Republic, Plato suggests that it is the Philosophers who should rule in society.
A

Theory of Forms

Gen Eds (39 decks)

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