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PSL301 > PSL301: Respiratory 3 > Flashcards

PSL301: Respiratory 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Dalton’s law of partial pressures tells us that total atmospheric pressure =

A

the sum of all partial pressures + water
PB = PO2 + PCO2 + PN2 + PH2O
pB - pH2O = pO2 + PCO2 + PN2

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2
Q

formula: partial pressure

A

fractional concentration * total pressure

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3
Q

Normal value for PB

A

760 mmHg

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4
Q

Normally, O2 makes up __% of air

A

21

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5
Q

Normally, CO2 makes up __% of air

A

0.04

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6
Q

Difference between fractional concentration and concentration

A

Fractional: gas in gas
Concentration: gas in liquid

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7
Q

Why is water included in the calculation of PB?

A

Air is humidified in the airway

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8
Q

what is the normal pH2O?

A

47 mmHg

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9
Q

How much O2 and CO2 is in the alveoli? (aka how much is available for exchange?)

A

100 mmHg O2
40 mmHg CO2

Not all the O2 breathed in will be available for exchange

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10
Q

What determines how much gas dissolves into solution?

A
  1. Partial pressure of the gas
  2. Solubility of the gas
  3. Temperature of the solution
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11
Q

What happens when gasses are at equilibrium?

A

the partial pressure will be the same in air and solution

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12
Q

LOWER/HIGHER partial pressure of a gas = increased solubility in water

A

Higher

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13
Q

What is more soluble, O2 or CO2?

A

CO2

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14
Q

Fick’s Law of Diffusion

A

Gas transfer = constant * pp gradient * area / wall thickness

Constant includes solubility of that particular gas

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15
Q

Fick’s Law of Diffusion tells us

A

amount of gas transfered

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16
Q

List the conditions that affect gas exchange

A
  1. Emphysema
  2. Fibrotic lung disease
  3. Pulmonary edema
  4. Asthma
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17
Q

How does emphysema affect gas exchange?

A
  • alveoli destroyed
  • less SA for gas exchange

Low/normal pO2 in lungs
Low pO2 in capillaries

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18
Q

How does Fibrotic lung disease affect gas exchange?

A
  • thickened alveolar walls slow gas exchange
  • loss of lung compliance may decrease ventilation

Low/normal pO2 in lungs
Low pO2 in capillaries

19
Q

How does pulmonary edema affect gas exchange?

A
  • more fluid in interstitial space, so distance travelled by O2 is longer

Normal pO2 in lungs
Low pO2 in capillaries

20
Q

How does Asthma affect gas exchange?

A
  • ventilation decreased

Low pO2 in lungs
Low pO2 in capillaries

21
Q

How much O2 and CO2 are there left after passing the tissues?

A 
pO2 = 40
pCO2 = 46
22
Q

How is O transported in the blood?

A

> 98% bound to Hb

<2% dissolved in plasma

23
Q

At lungs, __% of Hb is saturated with O

A

98

24
Q

At tissues, __% of Hb is saturated with O

A

75

25
Q

How much O2 is released at the tissues?

A

25%

26
Q

What happens to the Hb saturation curve as pH goes down?

A

right shift

27
Q

As temperature goes down, what happens to the Hb saturation curve?

A

left shift

28
Q

What factors affect affinity of Hb for O2?

A
  1. pH
  2. temp
  3. pCO2
29
Q

At higher pCO2, what happens to the Hb dissociation curve?

A

right shift

30
Q

What is the effect of CO2 on Hb dissociation called?

A

Bohr effect

31
Q

2 types of hemoglobin made during development

A
  1. fetal hemoglobin

2. maternal hemoglobin

32
Q

The Hb dissociation curve of fetal hemoglobin looks like…

A

left shift

33
Q

When is fetal hemoglobin produced?

A

During development inside mom; stopped as soon as baby is born

34
Q

Why is fetal hemoglobin different from maternal?

A

Higher affinity for O2 means that it can steal the O2 from mom at the placenta

35
Q

Effect of 2,3 DPG on Hb dissociation

A

right shift

36
Q

How is CO2 transported in the blood?

A

7% dissolved in plasma
23% bound to Hb = carbaminohemoglobin
70% in plasma as bicarb

37
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes CO2 conversion to bicarb?

A 
Carbonic anhydrase (CA)
CO2 + H20  H2CO3  H + HCO3-
38
Q

Where is CO2 converted into bicarb?

A

erythorcytes

39
Q

What buffers the H+ ions in RBC made during bicarb formation?

A

Hb

40
Q

What happens when bicarb leaves the cell?

A

Chloride shift: Cl- enters in exchange

41
Q

What is bicarb formation like at the tissues

A

CO2 enters the RBC and is converted to bicarb. The bicarb is released into plasma in exchange for Cl-

42
Q

What is bicarb formation like at the lungs?

A

Bicarb enters the cell in exchange for Cl-. H+ is released from Hb to react with bicarb, forming CO2. CO2 is released by expiration.

43
Q

What is the Haldane effect?

A

At any given pCO2, blood carries less CO2 at higher pO2

44
Q

What is 1 application of the Haldane effect?

A

High pO2 at lungs means Hb blood will release CO2 to be exhaled.

PSL301 (29 decks)

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