PSL301: Cardio 4 Flashcards
First heart sound
“lub”
Closing of AV valves
Second heart sound
“dup”
Closing of semilunar valves
Ausculation
Listening to heart
What might cause a leaky aortic valve?
Calcification of aortic walls (hardening)
What happens when the valves don’t close properly?
Blood leaks backwards
When the aortic valve doesn’t fully close, what sound is made?
sloshing sound
Aortic regurgitation
Leaking aortic valve (backflow into left ventricle)
Aortic regurgitation seen on PV loop
- Pressure same as normal
- Vol increased
Aortic stenosis
Opening of aortic valve is narrower
Aortic stenosis seen on PV loop
- Volume same as normal
- Pressure increased
2 phases of cardiac cycle
- diastole
2. systole
How does systole pump blood?
Contraction raises pressure
Blood flows down pressure gradient
Events on the right & left side of the heart are the ___, but pressure are lower on the ___
Same
Right
ESV =
end systolic volume
65 mL
EDV =
end diastolic volume
135 mL
How much blood we are moving (CO) depends on…
- HR
- Stroke vol
Formula: SV
SV = EDV - ESV
Usually 70 mL
Inotrope
Agent that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions
How to maximize SV?
Higher EDV
Lower ESV
(this maximizes the difference)
Increase preload causes SV to…
Explain
Go up
Higher EDV
Define: SV
amount of blood pumped by 1 ventricle in 1 contraction
Formula: CO
CO = HR x SV
Define: CO
amount of blood pumped per ventricle per unit time
Unit for CO
L/min
