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PSL301 > PSL301: Cardio 7 > Flashcards

PSL301: Cardio 7 Flashcards

1
Q

List the chemicals that cause vasoconstriction

A
  • NE binding to a-receptors

- ANG II

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2
Q

List the chemicals that cause vasodilation

A
  • E binding to B2-receptors
  • Adenosine
  • Natriuretic peptides
  • low O, high CO2, high H+, high K+
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3
Q

Physiological role of NE (a-receptor)

A

Baroreflex

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4
Q

Physiological role of ANG II

A

Increase blood pressure

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5
Q

Physiological role of E (B2-receptor)

A

Increased blood flow / dilation

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6
Q

Physiological role of adenosine

A

Increase blood flow to match metabolism

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7
Q

Physiological role of natriuretic peptides

A

Reduce blood pressure

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8
Q

Physiological role of low O2, high CO2, high H+, high K+

A

Increase blood flow to match metabolism

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9
Q

NE is a type of…

A

NT

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10
Q

ANG II is a type of…

A

Hormone

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11
Q

E is a type of…

A

NT

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12
Q

Adenosine is a type of…

A

Paracrine signal

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13
Q

Low O2, high CO2, high H+, High K+ is a type of…

A

Paracine signal

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14
Q

Natriuretic peptides are types of…

A

Hormones

NT

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15
Q

Source of NE

A

sympathetic neurons

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16
Q

Source of ANG II

A

Plasma hormone ANG I

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17
Q

Source of E

A

Adrenal medulla

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18
Q

Source of adenosine

A

hypoxic cells

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19
Q

Source of low O2, high CO2, high H+, high K+

A

Cell metabolism

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20
Q

Source of natriuretic peptides

A

Atrial myocardium

Brain

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21
Q

The difference of effects for E and NE depend on…

A

the receptor

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22
Q

Define: hyperemia

A

Locally mediated increase in blood flow

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23
Q

What happens during active hyperemia?

A
  1. Release of (metabolic) vasodilators into ECF
  2. Arterioles dilate
  3. Decrease resistance & increase blood flow
  4. More supplies given to the metabolically active cell
  5. Blood flow eventually washes vasodilators away
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24
Q

2 types of hyperemia

A
  1. Active

2. Reactive

25
Q

What happens during reactive hyperemia?

A
  1. Cells release metabolic vasodilators into ECF
  2. There is an something blocking the blood vessel going to that tissue
  3. Arterioles will dilate until occlusion is removed
  4. Decreased resistance & increased blood flow
  5. Blood will carry the vasodilators away over time
26
Q

Which are metabolic vasodilators?

A
  • Adenosine
  • Low O2
  • High CO2
  • High H+
27
Q

NE binding to a-receptors cause vasodilation/vasoconstriction?

A

Vasoconstriction

28
Q

Capillary density is related to…

A

metabolic activity of cells

29
Q

Bone marrow, liver, spleen do not have capillaries. Instead, they have…

A

sinusoids

30
Q

Sinusoids

A

Capillary-like vessels at the bone marrow, liver, and spleen. Large gaps that allow proteins and RBC to move across.

31
Q

How many capillaries are there?

A

> 10 billion

32
Q

SA of capillaries?

A

500 - 700 m2

33
Q

2 types of capillaries

A
  1. Continuous

2. Fenestrated

34
Q

What are the gaps between continuous capillaries? Fenestrated ones?

A
  • Leaky junctions / endothelial cell junctions

- Endothelial cell junctions & fenestrations

35
Q

Difference b/t continuous and fenestrated capillaries?

A

Continuous:

  • inner lining smooth
  • endothelial cell junctions only
  • only solutes can pass through

Fenestrated:

  • rough inner lining
  • also have fenestrations
  • allow high volumes to flow through
36
Q

Where can continuous capillaries be found?

A

muscles
neural tissues
connective tissues

37
Q

Where can fenestrated capillaries be found?

A

kidneys

intestines

38
Q

Relationship between total x-section area and velocity of flow

A

Higher area = lower velocity of flow

39
Q

Exchange between plasma & ISF occurs by ___ pathway or ___ transport

A

paracellular

endothelial

40
Q

Small dissolved solutes and gasses move by __

A

diffusion (go through cell without a vesicle)

41
Q

Large solutes & proteins move by ___

A

vesicular transport

42
Q

Paracellular pathway

A

Substance passes through space between endothelial cells

43
Q

Endothelial transport

A

Substance passes through an endothelial layer by going through endothelial cells

44
Q

At capillaries, large proteins are transported by…

A

transcytosis

45
Q

Define: bulk flow

A

Mass movement of fluid as a result of hydrostatic or osmotic pressure gradients

46
Q

Filtration occurs at __ end; absorption occurs at __ end

A

Arteriole

Venous

47
Q

Define: filtration

A

Fluid movement out of blood

48
Q

Define: absorption

A

Fluid movement into blood

49
Q

How do lipid insoluble substances cross capillary walls?

A

Through intercellular cleft

50
Q

Intercellular cleft

A

Space between endothelial cells (paracellular pathway)

51
Q

Permeability of capillary pores for difference substances varies according to…

A

How big the molecule is

52
Q

Capillary permeability depend on…

A
  1. size of molecule

2. type of capillary

53
Q

What is the space between cells called?

A

Interstitium

54
Q

What is the fluid in the interstitium called?

A

ISF

55
Q

Interstitium

A

space between cells

56
Q

2 major solid structures in interstitium

A
  1. Collagen fibres

2. Proteoglycan fillaments

57
Q

Proteoglycan filaments

A

coiled molecules composed of hyaluronic acid

58
Q

Most of the ISF is composed of…

A
  1. fluid proteoglycan mixtures (gel)

2. some free fluid (very little amount)

PSL301 (29 decks)

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