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PSL301 > PSL301: Cardio 9 > Flashcards

PSL301: Cardio 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Extrinsic factors that cause changes in BP

A
  • Age
  • Sex
  • weight
  • race
  • mood
  • posture
  • socioeconomic status
  • physical activity
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2
Q

What counts as hypotension?

A

systolic BP below 100 mmHg

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3
Q

What counts as hypertension?

A

140/90 or higher

Must be constantly this high

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4
Q

Transient elevations in BP are __. Caused by…

A

Normal

fever, physical activity, emotions

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5
Q

Chronic elevations in BP are __. May cause…

A

Risky

heart failure, vascular disease, renal failure, stroke

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6
Q

3 types of hypotension

A
  1. Orthostatic
  2. Chronic
  3. Acute
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7
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

“head rush”

temporary low BP due to standing up

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8
Q

Chronic hypotension

A
  • Poor nutrition

- Warning for Addison’s disease

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9
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Less aldosterone production

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10
Q

Acute hypotension

A

Circulatory shock

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11
Q

Acute hypotension is a threat to…

A

patients undergoing surgery

intensive chair

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12
Q

Relationship between blood pressure and risk for CVD

A

Positive correlation

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13
Q

Hypertension stagaes

A
  1. Normal
  2. Prehypertentative
  3. Stage 1 hypertension
  4. Stage 2 hypertension
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14
Q

What happens to the baroreflex during hypertension?

A

Baroreceptors adapt to high BP, and will not tell body to lower BP

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15
Q

Consequences of hypertension

A
  1. Damage to blood vessels
  2. Increase cardiac load
  3. Contribute to atherosclerosis
  4. Pressure imbalances
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16
Q

2 types of hypertension

A
  1. Essential

2. Secondary

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17
Q

Essential hypertension is caused by…

A

unknown

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18
Q

Frequency of essential vs. secondary hypertension

A

90%

10%

19
Q

Secondary hypertension is caused by…

A

other diseases that affect blood flow

20
Q

Secondary hypertension

A
  • Damage to tissues

- Damage to sympathetic nervous system

21
Q

Consequences of hypertension

A
  • Heart muscle hypertropies to keep CO constant with increased R
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Risk for atherosclerosis
22
Q

Treatment for hypertension

A
  • Ca channel blockers
  • Diuretics
  • Beta blockers
  • ACE inhibitors
23
Q

Consequences of hypertension

A
  • Edema
  • Hypertrophy
  • Heart failure
24
Q

Causes of heart failure

A
  • heart disease
  • hypertension
  • electrolyte imbalance
25
Q

Which plant can increase contractilty of heart muscles?

A

Digitalis

26
Q

What is heart failure?

A

CO is inadequate

27
Q

Treatment for heart failure (and why)

A
  • Digitalis (increase contractility)
  • Diuretics (less vol. to pump)
  • Nitroglycerin (less resistance)
28
Q

Diuretics have what affect on blood volume?

A

Lowers it

29
Q

Nitroglycerin is a…

A

vasodilator

30
Q

Goal of heart failure treatment

A
  • heart work more efficiently

- reduce stress on heart

31
Q

Circulatory shock

A

Too little blood in vessels; organs can’t get enough nutrients and O2

32
Q

Different types of shock

A
  1. Hypovolemic shock
  2. Vascular shock
  3. Cardiogenic shock
33
Q

Define: hypovolemic shock

A

Rapid, severe blood loss

Lower blood volume

34
Q

Types of vascular shock

A
  1. Anaphylaxis

2. Septicemia

35
Q

Define: anaphylactic shock

A

Allergic / immune reactions

Release of histamine

36
Q

Define: septic shock

A

Caused by infection of bacteria

NO dilate blood vessels

37
Q

Define: cardiogenic shock

A 
Infarcted heart (part of heart does not get O)
Abnotmal CO
38
Q

Overall symptoms of shock

A

Lower CO
Low BP ( tissues build up metabolic waste & lactic acid
This will positive feedback until death

39
Q

Treatment for shock

A

Give O2, fluids, NE, remove bacteria

40
Q

Symptoms for exercise is very similar to ___

A

shock

41
Q

CO during exercise

A

25L/min

42
Q

Where does most of the blood flow during exercise?

A

Skeletal muscles

43
Q

Where does most of the blood flow to during rest?

A

Digestive system

PSL301 (29 decks)

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