PSL301: Cardio 9 Flashcards
Extrinsic factors that cause changes in BP
- Age
- Sex
- weight
- race
- mood
- posture
- socioeconomic status
- physical activity
What counts as hypotension?
systolic BP below 100 mmHg
What counts as hypertension?
140/90 or higher
Must be constantly this high
Transient elevations in BP are __. Caused by…
Normal
fever, physical activity, emotions
Chronic elevations in BP are __. May cause…
Risky
heart failure, vascular disease, renal failure, stroke
3 types of hypotension
- Orthostatic
- Chronic
- Acute
Orthostatic hypotension
“head rush”
temporary low BP due to standing up
Chronic hypotension
- Poor nutrition
- Warning for Addison’s disease
Addison’s disease
Less aldosterone production
Acute hypotension
Circulatory shock
Acute hypotension is a threat to…
patients undergoing surgery
intensive chair
Relationship between blood pressure and risk for CVD
Positive correlation
Hypertension stagaes
- Normal
- Prehypertentative
- Stage 1 hypertension
- Stage 2 hypertension
What happens to the baroreflex during hypertension?
Baroreceptors adapt to high BP, and will not tell body to lower BP
Consequences of hypertension
- Damage to blood vessels
- Increase cardiac load
- Contribute to atherosclerosis
- Pressure imbalances
2 types of hypertension
- Essential
2. Secondary
Essential hypertension is caused by…
unknown
Frequency of essential vs. secondary hypertension
90%
10%
Secondary hypertension is caused by…
other diseases that affect blood flow
Secondary hypertension
- Damage to tissues
- Damage to sympathetic nervous system
Consequences of hypertension
- Heart muscle hypertropies to keep CO constant with increased R
- Pulmonary edema
- Congestive heart failure
- Risk for atherosclerosis
Treatment for hypertension
- Ca channel blockers
- Diuretics
- Beta blockers
- ACE inhibitors
Consequences of hypertension
- Edema
- Hypertrophy
- Heart failure
Causes of heart failure
- heart disease
- hypertension
- electrolyte imbalance
