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PSL301 > PSL301: Cardio 6 > Flashcards

PSL301: Cardio 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How much blood goes into the heart each pump?

A

0.2 L/min

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2
Q

How much blood goes into the brain each pump?

A

0.7 L/min

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3
Q

Which part of the body does blood flow stay constant?

A

Brain

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4
Q

Where does the most blood get distributed to?

A

Liver

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5
Q

Where do 1/4 of the CO get wired to?

A

Kidneys

Skeletal muscles

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6
Q

What directly affects EDV?

A

Venous return

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7
Q

What affects venous return?

A
  1. Blood volume
  2. Intrathoracic pressure
  3. Venous pressure
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8
Q

At the capillaries, blood always picks the vessel with the lowest…

A

resistance

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9
Q

When one capillary is pinched off, the overall __ is unchanged

A

flow

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10
Q

Pressure in ventricle varies from…

A

10 mmHg to 120 mmHg

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11
Q

Formula: MAP

A

MAP = diastolic P + 1/3(systolic P - diastolic P)

= 2/3(diastolic P) + 1/3(systolic P)

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12
Q

MAP is better known as…

A

Average blood pressure

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13
Q

Arteries store pressure from left ventricle contraction, then uses ___ to send blood to the rest of the body during ventricular diastole

A

elastic recoil

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14
Q

Formula: pulse pressure

A

systolic P - diastolic P

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15
Q

MAP is a function of…

A

CO

Resistance

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16
Q

Define: pulse

A

Pressure wave of circulating blood

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17
Q

Where can pulses be felt?

specific

A
  • temperal artery
  • facial artery
  • carotid arter
  • brachial artery
  • radial artery
  • femoral artery
  • popliteal artery
  • posterior tibial artery
  • dosalis pedis artery
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18
Q

Where can pulses be felt? (general)

A

pressure points

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19
Q

What sounds are heard while measuring blood pressure?

A

Korotkoff sounds

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20
Q

5 Korotkoff sounds

A
  1. Snap: systolic pressure
  2. Murmurs
  3. Taps
  4. Thumping / muting: 10 mmHg above diastolic
  5. Silence: diastolic
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21
Q

Stages of hypertension

A
  1. Normal
  2. Hypertension stage 1
  3. Hypertension stage 2
  4. Hypertensive crisis (emergency!!)
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22
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

less than 120

Less than 80

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23
Q

(Pre)-hypertension ____ CVD risk

A

Increases

Positive correlation

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24
Q

MAP is determined by…

A
  1. Blood volume
  2. CO
  3. Resistance
  4. Distribution of blood between arteriole & venous system

(1) and (4) are usually pretty consistant

25
Q

2 responses to increased blood pressure?

which one is slow/fast?

A
  1. Cardio compensation (fast)

2. Kidney compensation (slow)

26
Q

How does the cardio system compensate for high blood pressure?

A
  • vasodilation

- decreased CO

27
Q

How does the renal system compensate for high blood pressure?

A

More fluid excreted in urine

Renin-angiotensin system

28
Q

Baroreceptors are located at the…

A

Major arteries

  • Aortic arch
  • Carotid sinus
29
Q

What is the baroreflex?

A

response to increased / decreased BP

Sensed by baroreceptors

30
Q

At normal state, what is the baroreflex like?

A

Baroreceptors fire at constant rate

31
Q

When BP is increased, the firing of baroreceptors…

A

increase

32
Q

Baroreceptors report to…

A

cardiovascular control center in medulla oblongata

33
Q

alpha-receptor for NE causes…

beta-receptor for NE causes…

A

vasodilation

vasoconstriction

34
Q

Ultimately, what lowers the BP?

A
  • Decreased peripheral resistance

- Decreased CO

35
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

“head rush”
Decrease in BP due to standing up
Blood has pooled in the feet, so not enough going to head

36
Q

What secretes renin?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

37
Q

Purpose of renin

A

Angiotensinogen -> ANG I

38
Q

What cleaves ANG I -> ANG II

A

ACE

39
Q

What does ANG II do?

A
  • Vasoconstrict vessels by binding to AT1 receptors in blood vessels
  • Stimulates production of aldosterone at adrenal cortex by binding to AT1 receptors in adrenal gland
40
Q

Where is aldosterone produced?

A

adrenal cortex

41
Q

Where is the adrenal cortex located?

A

on top of the kidney

42
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Tells kidneys to retain salt & water

43
Q

The cleaving of ANG I -> ANG II happens at the…

A

lungs

44
Q

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) is only activated…

A

chronic low blood pressure

45
Q

Where is ACE found?

A

in the lungs

46
Q

Purpose of RAAS?

A

Raise blood pressure & volume

47
Q

Where does aldosterone act?

A

at kidneys

48
Q

Aldosterone is a part of the __ family

A

steroid

49
Q

How does aldosterone increase salt and water retention at the kidneys?

A

Increase expression of Na/K pumps & Na channels on collecting duct

Pumps Na to ISF -> blood

50
Q

What receptor does ANG II bind to?

A

AT1

51
Q

Is it possible for angiotensinogen -> ANG II directly?

A

Yes (alternate pathway)

52
Q

During the reaction with ACE, bradykinin ->

A

inactive fragments

53
Q

Feedback in the RAAS is from…

A
  • Na intake

- Decreased renin secretion

54
Q

ANF is produced by…when…

A

Atria in response to high blood pressure

55
Q

ANF

A

Atrial natriuretic factor

56
Q

What does ANF do?

A
  1. Vasodilation
  2. Decrease renin production
    (Promote water & salt secretion)
57
Q

Abbreviations for atrial natriuretic factor

A

ANF / ANP / ANH

58
Q

__ antagonizes the effects of ANG II

A

ANF

PSL301 (29 decks)

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