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PSL301 > PSL301: Cardio 5 > Flashcards

PSL301: Cardio 5 Flashcards

Blood flow

1
Q

Describe pulmonary circulation

A

pulmonary trunk -> 2 pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> 4 pulmonary veins -> left atrium

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2
Q

Aorta branches to…

A

Ascending arteries

Abdominal aorta

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3
Q

3 subclasses of arteries

A
  1. Elastic artery
  2. Muscular artery
  3. Arteriole
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4
Q

Elastic artery

A

Branched from aorta

Elastic fibres in vessels to deal with high pressure

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5
Q

Muscular arteries

A

Distribute blood to various parts of the body

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6
Q

3 layers of the blood vessel

A
  1. Tunica externa
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica intima
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7
Q

Tunica externa

A
  • Collagen; fibrous connective tissue

- Holds vessel together

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8
Q

Tunica media

A
  • Smooth muscle
  • Elastic tissue
  • Creates / stores pressures
  • Regulate vasodiltion / constriction (SNS)
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9
Q

Tunica intima

A
  • Endothelial cell layer

- Supported by loose connective tissue

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10
Q

Difference between arteries & veins

A

Arteries:

  • Small lumen
  • Thick tunica media
  • Have elastic tissue (outside tunica media muscles)

Veins

  • Wide lumen
  • Valves
  • No elastic tissue
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11
Q

Vascular tone

A

degree of constriction experienced by a blood vessel relative to its maximally dilated state

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12
Q

Arteries have ___ vascular tone, veins have __.

A

High

Low

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13
Q

Pressure in left ventricle ranges from…

A

120/5

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14
Q

Pressure in aorta ranges from…

A

120/80

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15
Q

Lowest pressure in arterioles

A

40 mmHg

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16
Q

Capillaries cause pressure to fall from __ to __

A

40 -> 20

17
Q

Venules & veins cause pressure to fall from __ to __

A

20 -> 0

18
Q

Arteries have the most (what component), but it has a little bit of everything.

A 
Smooth muscle
(everything = endothelium, elastic tissue, fibrous tissue)
19
Q

Every blood vessel has (what component)…?

A

Endothelium

20
Q

Arterioles have the most (what component)…?

A

Smooth muscle

21
Q

Capillaries have the most (what component)…?

A

endothelium (only thing it has)

22
Q

Venules have the most (what component)…?

A

Fibrous tissue

23
Q

Veins have the most (what component)…?

A

About the same elastic tissue / smooth muscle / fibrous tissue

24
Q

Components that make up blood vessels

A
  1. endothelium
  2. elastic tissue
  3. smooth muscle
  4. fibrous tissue
25
Q

__% of the body’s blood is on the venous side

A

70

26
Q

___ regulates flow into capillary beds

A

Metarterioles

27
Q

Why must another vessel regulate flow in capillaries?

A

Capillaries only have an endothelial layer, so it cannot regulate vasodilation / constriction

28
Q

How do metarterioles regulate blood flow in capillaries?

A

with precapillary sphincters

29
Q

What happens when precapillary sphincters are shut?

A

Blood goes straight from arterioles -> venules through arteriovenous shunt

30
Q

What cell always uses the arteriovenous shunt?

A

WBC (too big to go through capillaries)

31
Q

Example when blood flow through capillaries is bypassed?

A

When you exercise, blood to gut capillaries is stopped

32
Q

How much water is in intracellular components?

A

27L - 30L

33
Q

How much water is in extracellular components

A

14 - 16.5L

34
Q

Fluid can be lost through…

A
  • Kidneys
  • Lungs
  • Sweat
  • Feces
35
Q

Blood pressure is __ at arteriole end, __ at venous end

A

30 mmHg

15 mmHg

36
Q

Osmotic pressure is…

A

21 mmHg

37
Q

At the arteriole end, __ happens because of net pressure outwards

A

Filtration

Hydrostatic pressure > osmotic pressure

38
Q

At venule end, __ happens because of net pressure inwards

A

Absorption

Osmotic pressure > hydrostatic pressure

PSL301 (29 decks)

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