Protists & Fungi

Question 1

Acquiring dissolved nutrients from their surroundings and living in marine, freshwater, and other wet environments.

Answer 1

Saprotropic

Question 2

Move by waving large numbers of small, hair-like cilia to propel themselves through water.

Answer 2

Ciliate Protists

Question 3

Move by whipping/rotating 1+ long flagella.

Answer 3

Flagellate Protists

Question 4

Move using pseudopods.

Answer 4

Amoeboid Protists

Question 5

Temporary, arm-like extensions of a cell membrane.

Answer 5

Pseudopods

Question 6

A food particle is engulfed by the cell by pinching off a small amount of plasma membrane forming a food vacuole (phagosome).

Answer 6

Phagocytosis

Question 7

A food vacuole formed during phagocytosis.

Answer 7

Phagosome

Question 8

Have chloroplasts to generate energy through photosynthesis (need light).

Answer 8

Autotrophic

Question 9

Feed on organic materials, often ingesting their food through phagocytosis.

Answer 9

Hetertotropic

Question 10

Organisms that feed on dead organisms or organic waste products.
Heterotropic decomposers.

Answer 10

Saprobes

Question 11

Switch between autotrophic and heterotrophic depending on the availability of environmental resources (nutrients and light).

Answer 11

Mixotroph

Question 12

Asexual reproduction of protists:

Answer 12

Binary Fission
Multiple Fission (Schizogony)
Budding

Question 13

Asexual Reproduction.
Most common mode of asexual reproduction in protists.
Results in 2 identical daughter cells.

Answer 13

Binary Fission

Question 14

Asexual Reproduction.
Schizogony.
Involves several nuclear divisions before cells divide.
Can lead to the production of spores (sporozoites).

Answer 14

Multiple Fission

Question 15

Asexual Reproduction.
Multiple Fission.
Involves several nuclear divisions before cells divide.
Can lead to the production of sporozoites (spores).

Answer 15

Schizogony

Question 16

Asexual Reproduction.
A parent cell produces a small offspring that later grows to reach its adult size.

Answer 16

Budding

Question 17

Generate energy through photosynthesis.

Answer 17

Autotrophic Protists

Question 18

Generate energy by feeding on organic materials using phagocytosis.

Answer 18

Heterotrophic Protists

Question 19

Can switch between autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms as needed (depending on availability of nutrients and sunlight).

Answer 19

Mixotrophic Protists

Question 20

The process heterotrophic protists use to digest food.
The cell pinches off a small amount of plasma membrane to form a food vacuole (called a phagosome).

Answer 20

Phagocytosis

Question 21

Sexual reproduction of protists.
Entails 2 different mating types joining by a cytoplasmic bridge.
*The diploid micronuclei undergo meiosis producing 4 daughter nuclei (3 of which degrade) then mitosis, each cell transfers 1 of the 2 resulting nuclei to the other cell, the original macronucleus disintegrates and the micronucleus & macronucleus are reconstructed incorporating the new DNA.

Answer 21

Conjugation

Question 22

Fungus found in ~70% of all plant species that form a mutualism.
Where fungal hyphae associate with plant foods and exchange nutrients. —> With the plants providing the fungus carbon and the fungus providing the plant with minerals from the soil.

Answer 22

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Question 23

Sexual reproduction in fungi involves 3 stages:

Answer 23

Plasmogamy
Karyogamy
Meiosis

Question 24

Asexual reproduction of fungi includes:

Answer 24

Fragmentation
Budding
Spore Production

Question 25

Sexual reproduction in fungi.
Step 1: The process of 2 cells fusing to bring 2 haploid nuclei together, producing a dikaryote.

Answer 25

Plasmogamy

Question 26

Sexual reproduction in fungi.
Step 2: The process of 2 haploid nuclei fusing to form a diploid nucleus with 2 sets of chromosomes.

Answer 26

Karyogamy

Question 27

Specialized sex organs that produce and release gametes.

Answer 27

Gametagia

Question 28

Fruiting body of fungi (the mushroom).

Answer 28

Ascocarp