Protists & Fungi Flashcards
Acquiring dissolved nutrients from their surroundings and living in marine, freshwater, and other wet environments.
Saprotropic
Move by waving large numbers of small, hair-like cilia to propel themselves through water.
Ciliate Protists
Move by whipping/rotating 1+ long flagella.
Flagellate Protists
Move using pseudopods.
Amoeboid Protists
Temporary, arm-like extensions of a cell membrane.
Pseudopods
A food particle is engulfed by the cell by pinching off a small amount of plasma membrane forming a food vacuole (phagosome).
Phagocytosis
A food vacuole formed during phagocytosis.
Phagosome
Have chloroplasts to generate energy through photosynthesis (need light).
Autotrophic
Feed on organic materials, often ingesting their food through phagocytosis.
Hetertotropic
Organisms that feed on dead organisms or organic waste products.
Heterotropic decomposers.
Saprobes
Switch between autotrophic and heterotrophic depending on the availability of environmental resources (nutrients and light).
Mixotroph
Asexual reproduction of protists:
Binary Fission
Multiple Fission (Schizogony)
Budding
Asexual Reproduction.
Most common mode of asexual reproduction in protists.
Results in 2 identical daughter cells.
Binary Fission
Asexual Reproduction.
Schizogony.
Involves several nuclear divisions before cells divide.
Can lead to the production of spores (sporozoites).
Multiple Fission
Asexual Reproduction.
Multiple Fission.
Involves several nuclear divisions before cells divide.
Can lead to the production of sporozoites (spores).
Schizogony
Asexual Reproduction.
A parent cell produces a small offspring that later grows to reach its adult size.
Budding
Generate energy through photosynthesis.
Autotrophic Protists
Generate energy by feeding on organic materials using phagocytosis.
Heterotrophic Protists
Can switch between autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms as needed (depending on availability of nutrients and sunlight).
Mixotrophic Protists
The process heterotrophic protists use to digest food.
The cell pinches off a small amount of plasma membrane to form a food vacuole (called a phagosome).
Phagocytosis
Sexual reproduction of protists.
Entails 2 different mating types joining by a cytoplasmic bridge.
*The diploid micronuclei undergo meiosis producing 4 daughter nuclei (3 of which degrade) then mitosis, each cell transfers 1 of the 2 resulting nuclei to the other cell, the original macronucleus disintegrates and the micronucleus & macronucleus are reconstructed incorporating the new DNA.
Conjugation
Fungus found in ~70% of all plant species that form a mutualism.
Where fungal hyphae associate with plant foods and exchange nutrients. —> With the plants providing the fungus carbon and the fungus providing the plant with minerals from the soil.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
Sexual reproduction in fungi involves 3 stages:
Plasmogamy
Karyogamy
Meiosis
Asexual reproduction of fungi includes:
Fragmentation
Budding
Spore Production
Sexual reproduction in fungi.
Step 1: The process of 2 cells fusing to bring 2 haploid nuclei together, producing a dikaryote.
Plasmogamy
Sexual reproduction in fungi.
Step 2: The process of 2 haploid nuclei fusing to form a diploid nucleus with 2 sets of chromosomes.
Karyogamy
Specialized sex organs that produce and release gametes.
Gametagia
Fruiting body of fungi (the mushroom).
Ascocarp