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Intro To Biology (for Vet Techs) > Plant Systems & Functions > Flashcards

Plant Systems & Functions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anchors a plant in its substrate and absorbs water, ions, and other nutrients.

A

Root System

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2
Q

Consists of leaves and stems.

A

Shoot System

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3
Q

The main photosynthetic organs of a plant and sites of gas exchange.

A

Leaves

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4
Q

Support the leaves and house vascular tissue to circulate water and nutrients.

A

Stems

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5
Q

Undifferentiated (or incompletely differentiated) cells in a plant that can divide/develop into the specialized cells making up plant tissues.
Much like stem cells in animals.

A

Meristem Cells

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6
Q

Type of meristem cell.
Can be found at the tips of roots/shoots and these cells continually divide to extend the plant’s body.

A

Apical Meristem

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7
Q

Type of meristem cell.
Causes a plant to become thicker.

A

Lateral Meristem

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8
Q

Type of meristem cell.
At the leaf base and nodes of monocots and allows the leaves to grow from the base.

A

Intercalary Meristem

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9
Q

Isn’t actively dividing and contributing to plant growth.

A

Permanent Tissue

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10
Q

3 main plant tissues:

A

Dermal Tissue
Ground Tissue
Vascular Tissue

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11
Q

Lines the exterior surface of the plant.

A

Dermal Tissue

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12
Q

Forms the various internal tissues responsible for photosynthesis, supports the plant, and stores nutrients.

A

Ground Tissue

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13
Q

Transports water and other nutrients.

A

Vascular Tissue

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14
Q

Primary component is the epidermis.
Creates a valuable protective covering for a plant.
Further specialized into guard cells, trichomes, and root hairs.

A

Dermal Tissue

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15
Q

Specialized epidermis (dermal) tissue.
Surround stomata, opening and closing them to regulate airflow and limit water loss.

A

Guard Cells

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16
Q

Type of meristem cell.
Cellular hair-like projections that cover the surface of a plant and are what make a plant “fuzzy”.
Protect leaves from intense light/UV rays, insulate tissues against changes in temperature, reduce water loss through stomata, and secrete chemical defenses (targeting herbivores).

A

Trichomes

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17
Q

Type of meristem cell.
Hair-like extensions of epidermal cells that increase the surface area of the root so the plant can absorb a greater amount of water and nutrients.

A

Root Hairs

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18
Q

Consist of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Store nutrients, perform photosynthesis, and secrete chemicals.
Produce strong fibers that provides support and protection.

A

Ground Tissue

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19
Q

Role is to conduct water, nutrients, and other molecules throughout the plant’s body.
2 major types: xylem and phloem

A

Vascular Tissue

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20
Q

2 major types of vascular tissue:

A

Xylem and Phloem

21
Q

Type of vascular tissue.
Conducts water, dissolved minerals, and inorganic molecules from the roots up to the rest of the plant.

A

Xylem

22
Q

Type of meristem cell.
Conducts the food products of photosynthesis (like sugars), as well as amino acids, hormones, and other molecules.

A

Phloem

23
Q

The process of water vapor diffusing from the plant into the environment.

A

Transpiration

24
Q

The movement of liquid through narrow spaces without the influence of an outside force because water molecules are cohesive (tending to stick to each other) and adhesive (sticking to certain surfaces).

A

Capillary Action

25
Q

Produce sugar, which is actively pumped into phloem using ATP.

A

Photosynthetic Mesophyll

26
Q

2 types of cells that carry out conduction in the phloem:

A

Sieve Tube Elemebts
Compaction Cells

27
Q

Carry out conduction in the phloem.
Long, cylindrical cells connected by porous plates.

A

Sieve Tube Elements

28
Q

Carry out conduction in the phloem.
Provide energy to the sieve tube elements to support the active transport of the phloem components.

A

Companion Cells

29
Q

Absorb water and essential salts, minerals, ions, and other nutrients.
Anchor a plant to its substrate.

A

Roots

30
Q

The central core of the root made of vascular tissue that’s separated from the ground tissue by a special endodermis.

A

Stele

31
Q

The endodermis is a layer of cells that produces a waxy barrier, which screens out toxins while allowing the passive of essential materials.

A

Casparian Strip

32
Q

Protects the apical meristem in the root.
Produces a mucous-like lubricant that allow new growth to infiltrate deeper into the soil.

A

Root Cap

33
Q

Above-ground roots that arise from a part of the stem and help anchor heavy plants or plants that grow on vertical surfaces (like ivy).

A

Adventitious Roots

34
Q

Thickened adventitious roots that grow low on the stem, bracing plants against strong winds or allowing plants to flourish in extremely wet habitats.

A

Prop Roots

35
Q

Plants receiving nutrients and water from air rather than soil.

A

Epiphytic Plants

36
Q

Obtain water from humidity in the air.

A

Aerial Roots

37
Q

The swollen taproots of plants that stockpile a substantial amount of carbohydrates.
Root vegetables include turnips, carrots, and radishes.

A

Food Storage Roots

38
Q

Are a part of a plant’s shoot system, providing support and holding buds, leaves, and flowers.
Play a role in transporting nutrients throughout a plant’s body.

A

Stems

39
Q

Lateral meristem that produces xylem and phloem.

A

Vascular Cambium

40
Q

New, functional xylem.

A

Sapwood

41
Q

Older xylem that no longer conducts water.

A

Heartwood

42
Q

Lies just under the epidermis in woody plants.
A type of lateral meristem that produces cork tisssue.

A

Cork Cambium

43
Q

Some plants (like strawberries) produce long stems like grow along the ground.

A

Runners

44
Q

Shallow, horizontal networks of underground stems.

A

Rhizomes

45
Q

Main photosynthetic organs.

A

Leaves

46
Q

Make up a leaf’s internal tissue.
Contains veins of vascular tissue, which are xylem and phloem wrapped inside a bundle sheath.

A

Mesophyll

47
Q

On the upper side of a leaf.
Comprised of densely packed, columnar parenchymal cells with chloroplasts and is the primary site of photosynthesis.

A

Palisade Mesophyll

48
Q

Beneath palisade mesophyll.
Layer is loosely packed.
Aids in gas exchange.

A

Spongy Mesophyll

49
Q

Regulate the opening/closing of stomata. —> Changes in turgid pressure triggered by light, water availability, or carbon dioxide concentration cause the stomata to open/close.
Contain chloroplasts.

A

Guard Cells

Intro To Biology (for Vet Techs) (23 decks)

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