Chemistry

Question 1

The study of matter.
Its chemical and physical properties and the chemical and physical changes it undergoes.

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

A specific substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

Answer 2

Element

Question 3

Organized the elements into a periodic table.

Answer 3

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 4

Composed of atoms.

Answer 4

Matter

Question 5

The smallest component/unit of an element that retails all of the chemical and physical properties of the element.
Contain a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons.

Answer 5

Atom

Question 6

Central region of an atom.
Contains protons and neutrons.

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

Positively charged particles.
Located within the nucleus.

Answer 7

Protons

Question 8

Particles with no electric charge.
Located within the nucleus.

Answer 8

Neutrons

Question 9

Negatively charged particles.
Scattered around the outside of the nucleus in rings.

Answer 9

Electrons

Question 10

Outer ring of electrons.
Important for chemical reactions.

Answer 10

Valence Electrons

Question 11

# of protons + (average) # of neutrons

Answer 11

Atomic Mass

Question 12

When an atom contains the same amount of protons and electrons, the positive and negative charges balance each other.

Answer 12

The atom is neutral.

Question 13

Devised the original model of the atom, which depicted atoms like a solar system.

Answer 13

Niels Bohr

Question 14

Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons and electrons but can have different numbers of neutrons.
Chemically identical, but may have different stabilities.

Answer 14

Isotopes

Question 15

Result from the charges on 2 atoms interacting with each other (elements join and their atoms are held together).
3 main kinds: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds.

Answer 15

Chemical Bonds

Question 16

The electrons in the outermost energy levels.
These are the electrons that interact with other atoms.

Answer 16

Valance Electrons

Question 17

One atoms gives electrons to another.
One atom losing 1+ electrons and another atom gaining those electrons.
Lose/gain electrons to achieve stability.
Gain/lose electrons —> Formed between ions of opposite charges.

Answer 17

Ionic Bonds

Question 18

An atom with a charge.

Answer 18

Ion

Question 19

Ions with a negative charge.

Answer 19

Anions

Question 20

Ions with a positive charge.

Answer 20

Cations

Question 21

Result of ionic bonds.
2 ions of opposite charges —> Attract each other and stick together, making a bond.

Answer 21

Compound
Ionic Compund

Question 22

Formed when elements share electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
Share electrons, holding the atoms together.

Answer 22

Covalent Bonds

Question 23

Result when atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

Answer 23

Molecules

Question 24

When 2 covalently bonded atoms share electrons nearly equally.

Answer 24

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

Question 25

Electrons are more attracted to one type of molecule than the other. Electrons are shared **unequally**. *A partial positive or partial negative charge developed at each pole (end) of the bond.*

Answer 25

Polar Covalent Bonds

Question 26

A full outer orbital of electrons.

Answer 26

Octet

Question 27

Lone pairs repel each other (because they have the same charge) and push the hydrogen atoms down to form a v-shape.

Answer 27

Bent Molecule

Question 28

Created when a molecule has regions of charge that are separated.

Answer 28

Dipole

Question 29

Molecules with dipoles.

Answer 29

Polar Molecules

Question 30

Multiple water molecules form weak attractions from the oxygen atom on one molecule to a hydrogen atom in another molecule. *Weak attractions between the slightly negative side of water molecules and the slightly positive side of surrounding water molecules.*

Answer 30

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 31

Reasons why water is extremely important to life *(due to hydrogen bonding)*:

Answer 31

Universal Solvent Cohesion Adhesion

Question 32

Water is attracted to itself. *Ex. Surface tension —> Allows bugs to float on the water surface.*

Answer 32

Cohesion

Question 33

Water is attracted to other substances. *Ex. Towels sparking up water from surfaces.*

Answer 33

Adhesion

Question 34

Positive hydrogens can surround negative ions and negative oxygen pole can surround positive ions. *When the ions of an ionic molecule are more attracted to the water than to each other, they break apart and dissolve.*

Answer 34

Universal Solvent

Question 35

A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. Donates H+ ions. *pH 0-7*

Answer 35

Acid

Question 36

Releases/provides hydroxide ions (OH-) or other negatively charged ions that combine with hydrogen ions redacting their concentration in a solution. *pH 7-14*

Answer 36

Base

Question 37

Indicates a substance’s acidity (acid) or alkalinity (base).

Answer 37

pH

Question 38

Alkalinity

Answer 38

Base