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Intro To Biology (for Vet Techs) > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The study of matter.
Its chemical and physical properties and the chemical and physical changes it undergoes.

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

A specific substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

A

Element

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3
Q

Organized the elements into a periodic table.

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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4
Q

Composed of atoms.

A

Matter

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5
Q

The smallest component/unit of an element that retails all of the chemical and physical properties of the element.
Contain a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons.

A

Atom

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6
Q

Central region of an atom.
Contains protons and neutrons.

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

Positively charged particles.
Located within the nucleus.

A

Protons

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8
Q

Particles with no electric charge.
Located within the nucleus.

A

Neutrons

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9
Q

Negatively charged particles.
Scattered around the outside of the nucleus in rings.

A

Electrons

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10
Q

Outer ring of electrons.
Important for chemical reactions.

A

Valence Electrons

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11
Q

# of protons + (average) # of neutrons

A

Atomic Mass

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12
Q

When an atom contains the same amount of protons and electrons, the positive and negative charges balance each other.

A

The atom is neutral.

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13
Q

Devised the original model of the atom, which depicted atoms like a solar system.

A

Niels Bohr

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14
Q

Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons and electrons but can have different numbers of neutrons.
Chemically identical, but may have different stabilities.

A

Isotopes

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15
Q

Result from the charges on 2 atoms interacting with each other (elements join and their atoms are held together).
3 main kinds: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds.

A

Chemical Bonds

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16
Q

The electrons in the outermost energy levels.
These are the electrons that interact with other atoms.

A

Valance Electrons

17
Q

One atoms gives electrons to another.
One atom losing 1+ electrons and another atom gaining those electrons.
Lose/gain electrons to achieve stability.
Gain/lose electrons —> Formed between ions of opposite charges.

A

Ionic Bonds

18
Q

An atom with a charge.

A

Ion

19
Q

Ions with a negative charge.

A

Anions

20
Q

Ions with a positive charge.

A

Cations

21
Q

Result of ionic bonds.
2 ions of opposite charges —> Attract each other and stick together, making a bond.

A

Compound
Ionic Compund

22
Q

Formed when elements share electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
Share electrons, holding the atoms together.

A

Covalent Bonds

23
Q

Result when atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

A

Molecules

24
Q

When 2 covalently bonded atoms share electrons nearly equally.

A

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

25
Q

Electrons are more attracted to one type of molecule than the other.
Electrons are shared unequally.
A partial positive or partial negative charge developed at each pole (end) of the bond.

A

Polar Covalent Bonds

26
Q

A full outer orbital of electrons.

A

Octet

27
Q

Lone pairs repel each other (because they have the same charge) and push the hydrogen atoms down to form a v-shape.

A

Bent Molecule

28
Q

Created when a molecule has regions of charge that are separated.

A

Dipole

29
Q

Molecules with dipoles.

A

Polar Molecules

30
Q

Multiple water molecules form weak attractions from the oxygen atom on one molecule to a hydrogen atom in another molecule.
Weak attractions between the slightly negative side of water molecules and the slightly positive side of surrounding water molecules.

A

Hydrogen Bonds

31
Q

Reasons why water is extremely important to life (due to hydrogen bonding):

A

Universal Solvent
Cohesion
Adhesion

32
Q

Water is attracted to itself.
Ex. Surface tension —> Allows bugs to float on the water surface.

A

Cohesion

33
Q

Water is attracted to other substances.
Ex. Towels sparking up water from surfaces.

A

Adhesion

34
Q

Positive hydrogens can surround negative ions and negative oxygen pole can surround positive ions.
When the ions of an ionic molecule are more attracted to the water than to each other, they break apart and dissolve.

A

Universal Solvent

35
Q

A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
Donates H+ ions.
pH 0-7

A

Acid

36
Q

Releases/provides hydroxide ions (OH-) or other negatively charged ions that combine with hydrogen ions redacting their concentration in a solution.
pH 7-14

A

Base

37
Q

Indicates a substance’s acidity (acid) or alkalinity (base).

A

pH

38
Q

Alkalinity

A

Base

Intro To Biology (for Vet Techs) (23 decks)

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