Cell Specialization Flashcards
Only have 1 cell. —> this single cell comes fully equipped with all materials/structures necessary for optimal cell function.
Bacteria.
Unicellular Organisms
Require many different cell types to conduct processes.
Made up of many cells, so distinct processes may be associated with different cell types. —> These different cell types often reside in different locations within a given organism.
Multicellular Organisms
When similar cell types group together to perform a common function.
Tissue
When multiple tissues work together.
Specialized structure composed of 2+ tissues that together perform a function.
Organ
When multiple organs work together they form…
Organ System
The ability of cells to become another type of cell.
The ability of a cell to differentiate into another type of cell.
Cellular Potency
A single cell’s ability to produce any number of different types within an organism.
Unique in that they can form all the cell types in an organism PLUS the extra embryonic (placental) cells.
Totipotency
Can give rise to other cells that will function within the embryo.
Embryonic stems cells.
Pluripotency
Cells that are specialized enough that they can further differentiate into a number of closely related cells.
Adult stem cells.
Multipotency
Cells that have differentiated and specialized to the point that they can produce ONLY one type of cell.
Skin cell.
Unipotency
Carry messages throughout the body using electrical signaling.
Neurons
Move oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body.
Red Blood Cell
Long, thin specialized cells.
Muscle Cells
Pluripotent and can reproduce many times.
Found in embryo/fetus and in umbilical cord blood.
Embryonic Stem Cells
Are either multipotent or unipotent.
Adult Stem Cells
