Expression of Genes

Question 1

How DNA directs the synthesis of proteins.

Answer 1

Gene Expression

Question 2

DNA converted into RNA.

Answer 2

Transcription

Question 3

Cellular machinery reads the DNA to form polypeptides (proteins).

Answer 3

Translation

Question 4

Information stored in DNA is converted into instructions for making proteins.
Involves transcription and translation.
The genes a cell expresses to dictate what that cell can do.

Answer 4

Gene Expression

Question 5

States that DNA encodes RNA. And RNA encodes proteins.
Describes how gene expression works.
DNA —> RNA —> Protein

Answer 5

Central Dogma

Question 6

DNA is rewritten as a single strand of RNA.
Production of messenger RNA (mRNA) and is copied from the DNA.
mRNA is then transported to the cytoplasm for the next step in gene expression (translation).

Answer 6

Transcription

Question 7

Translation of DNA that have been rewritten as RNA. —> The codes are 3-litter combinations of bases.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a part of the ribosome and is the machinery that organizes and synthesizes proteins.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) physically bring specific amino acids to add to the growing polypeptide chain.
Ribosomes synthesize poly peptides (chains of amino acids) according to the instructions provided in the mRNA.

Answer 7

Translation

Question 8

Produced during transcription and is copied from the DNA.
Transported to the cytoplasm for translation.

Answer 8

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 9

A part of the ribosome.
The machinery that organizes and synthesizes proteins.

Answer 9

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 10

Physically brings specific amino acids to add to the growing polypeptide chain.

Answer 10

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 11

First step in gene expression.
DNA is transcribed to form RNA then mRNA carries this information to the cytoplasm of the cell so the ribosome can translate it into proteins.

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

Gene Expression =

Answer 12

Transcription and Translation

Question 13

Transcription and Translation

Answer 13

Gene Expression

Question 14

Role in gene expression is to carry information from DNA to the ribosome to enable protein synthesis.

Answer 14

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 15

The coding sequence of the mRNA and is read specifically from the 5’ end of the mRNA.
Gives instructions to the ribosome to start assembling amino acids as laid out in the RNA sequence.

Answer 15

Start Colon

Question 16

A termination. Located at the end of the coding sequence.
Tells to ribosome to stop assembling amino acids.

Answer 16

Stop Colon

Question 17

Each set of 3 nucleotides in the mRNA sequence. —> Each codes for a specific amino acid.

Answer 17

Codon

Question 18

The process of converting the information contained in the mRNA into proteins that carry out the cell’s function.
The base pairs represent a code that’s read by the ribosomes and the appropriate amino acids are collected to make the proteins.

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

Each set of 3 nucleotides in the mRNA sequence.
Each codes for a specific amino acid.

Answer 19

Codon

Question 20

Gathers appropriate amino acids in the correct order and delivers them to the ribosome.
Serves as a physical link between the mRNA sequence and individual amino acids.
Purpose is to gather the appropriate amino acids from the cytoplasm and deliver them to the ribosome as the 3-letter code comes up then drops off the amino acid and enzymes create the polypeptide bonds between the amino acids to form proteins.

Answer 20

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 21

Carries out protein synthesis in the ribosome.
Is part of the ribosome. —> Interacts with a set of proteins to form the ribosome.
Also binds to tRNA and other molecules required for protein synthesis.

Answer 21

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 22

Occur when there are poorly defined start and stop codon locations for translation.
Drastically alter the protein made from sequence translation.

Answer 22

Frameshift Mutations