Genetics & Inheritance Flashcards
Refers to the study of heredity.
Genetics
Characteristics passed from parents to their offspring.
The variations present in offspring who inherit traits from their parents.
Heredity
Contain DNA to help make cell division and replication easier.
Chromosomes
Stretches of DNA that are specific to a particular characteristic.
Sequences of DNA found within chromosomes.
Are responsible for encoding all of the traits living organisms exhibit that can be passed down through genetics.
Genes
All of the genes of an organism.
Genome
The versions of the gene that code for a specific trait.
Alleles
Inherited from each parent and contain DNA.
Chromosomes
Stretches of DNA that contain information about specific traits or characteristics.
Such as eye or hair color.
Genes
Parts of a gene that code for specific traits and control how the gene is expressed.
Such as blue or brown eye color.
Alleles
The father of modern genetics.
His studies involved the hybridization of purebred strains of pea plants.
Gregor Mendel
Crossing of 2 genetically different organisms to breed a 3rd plant with a distinct predictable set of traits obtained from its parent organisms.
Hybridization
The result of hybridization (crossing of 2 genetically different organisms) to breed a 3rd plant with a distinct, predictable set of traits obtained from its parent organisms.
Hybrid
Refers to the making and production of offspring of living organisms.
Breeding
Type of breeding.
Refers to organisms in which the offspring have exhibited the same traits over many generations.
True-Breeding
Type of breeding.
A specific type of breeding in which different species/varieties are mated with each other to produce a hybrid (which contains features from both parents).
Crossbreeding
The act of transferring pollen from the male part of the plant to the female part of the plant.
Fertilizes the plant and enables it to make seeds, which contain the genetic information needed to produce a new plant.
Pollination
The true-bred plants that are the parents.
P Generation