Darwin’s Theory Of Natural Selection Flashcards
Remains of once-living species often preserved in sedimentary rock.
Fossils
Interpreted the Bible literally.
Calculated the world was created in 4004 BC.
Irish Archbishop Jame Ussher
Calculated earth must be at least 75,000 years old.
Speculated humans and apes could be related to each other and that species could change over time.
George Lewish Leclerc
Charles Darwin’s grandfather.
All life had common ancestor.
Discussed forms of selection.
Erasmus Darwin
Advocate of transformationalism. —> Specifically inheritance of acquired characteristic traits.
First to publicly state view of evolution and to propose mechanism for how evolution takes place.
Organism strives to adapt itself to its environment, acquiring traits that can be passed on to its offspring.
Jean-Baptiste Lamark
The use or disuse of a body part results in heritable change.
Transformationalism
Geologist. Suggested that Earth was powered by an interior source of heat.
Introduced ideas of uniformitarianism.
James Hutton
The laws of physics and chemistry don’t change over time (CONSTANT).
Past geological events are driven by processes analogous to those that continue to occur today.
Uniformitarianism
Geologist. Built on Hutton’s work.
Darwin read his work and influenced his understand that Earth must be very old and geologic change happens slowly and steadily over time.
Charles Lyell
Human populations increase at an exponential rate before eventually exceeding the capacity of their environment.
2 types of mechanisms to maintain populations at a size that could be supported by limited resources in their environment: increasing death rate (positive checks) or decreasing birth rate (preventative checks).
Thomas Robert Malthus
A breeding group of individuals of the same species living in a common area.
Population
Explains the principles of natural phenomena using a body of inter connected observations.
Scientific Theory
Major types of variation among species:
(species can be distinct)
Global Differences
Local Differences
Temporal Differences
Look very different in one part of the world (continents isolated from other continents or islands far from the mainland).
Because of climate or isolation.
Global Differences
Species vary across geographic areas.
Organisms looked similar had variations that depended on their ecological niches.
Because of ecological niche.
Local Differences
Species change over time, which causes differences amount member of the same species.
Because of changes over time.
Temporal Differences