Protein and AMino Acid Metabolism IV Flashcards

1
Q

actual or function vit B12 defiency results in what

A

progressive neurlogical impariemnt

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2
Q

there is a strong correlation between high levels of homocyseine and the development of what disease - most likely as a marker

A

atheroslerosis

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3
Q

what coenzymes/vitamins does the homocysteine metabolism require

A

vit B6, B12, foalte

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4
Q

waht does valine catabolism producee

A

propionyl CoA

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5
Q

what does isoleucine catabolism produce

A

propionyl CoA adn acetyl CoA

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6
Q

what does catabolism of leucine prodcue

A

acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate

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7
Q

what does catabolism of BCAA outside of liver require

A

branched chain amino transferases, BCKDH

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8
Q

maple syrup urine disease is caused by waht

A

defect in BCKDH compelx

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9
Q

symptoms of maple syrup urine diseas

A

poor feeding, vomiting, slow/irregular breathing, ketoacidosis

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10
Q

how do you treat maple syrup urinse disease

A

reduced BCAAs in diet

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11
Q

what population is maple syrup urine disease more common in

A

old order mennonite

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12
Q

what casues tyrosinemia II

A

tyrosine amino acid transferase defect

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13
Q

what casues alcaptonuria

A

homogentisate oxidase defect

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14
Q

what casues tyrosinemia I

A

fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase defeect

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15
Q

symptoms of tyrosinemia II

A

keratitis
photophobia
painful skin lesion
intellectual disbiality

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16
Q

symptoms of alkaptonuria

A

black urine

17
Q

symptoms of tyrosinemia I

A

liver, kidney, neurologic disfunction

18
Q

srouces of ammonium ions

A

transfer of alpha mino groups to glutamate durign aminotransferase reaction
deamination of serine, cysteine, histidien and theronein
action of glutaminase and asparginase

19
Q

what happens to most of the ammonium inos genreated during catabolism

A

incorporating into urea by liver

20
Q

during normal metabolism the liver mitochondria genereate what

A

HCO3, CO2, NH4, ATP

21
Q

what is the rate determing step of urea synthesis

A

formation of carbomoyl phosphate

22
Q

what does carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I require

A

N acetylglutamate

23
Q

how is the urea cycle linked to the TCA cycle

A

release of fumarte goes to TCA cycle which releases oxaloacetate which converts into aspartate which goes into urea cycle

24
Q

when is the interstinal-renal axis established

A

postnatally

25
Q

what is the only organ that can perform the entire urea cycle

A

liver

26
Q

when is arginine essential in adults

A

conditions that impact function of small intestine or kidney

27
Q

citrullinemia results from waht

A

defect in arginnosuccinate synthase

28
Q

defect in what causes argininosuccinic aciduria

A

argininosuccinate lyase

29
Q

what causes hyperargininemia

A

defect in arginase

30
Q

how do you treat newborns with early cycle defects

A

protein restriction
hemodialysis
phenylbutyrate and benzoate

31
Q

symptoms of hyeprammonenia

A

lethargy, stupar, vomiting, convulsions

32
Q

what important thing is happening in astrocytes

A

main site of brain where glutamate is converted to glutamine

33
Q

what happens after 10-12 horus of fasting

A

hepatic gluconeogensis required to supply glucose

34
Q

the action of BCAT on BCAAs is a major source of what

A

nitrogen