Carbs V Flashcards

1
Q

proteoglycans

A

very large molcules that consist mainly of acidic modified sugars

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2
Q

where does the glycosylation of cell surface proteins occur

A

in ER and golgi apparatus

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3
Q

functions of ECM

A

elasticity to cartilage
tensile strength to tendons
cohesion to CT
viscosity to ocular fluids

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4
Q

what does ECM owe it’s mechanical properties to

A

collagen and proteoglycan

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5
Q

glycosaminoglycans

A

attached carb side chains

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6
Q

what type of charge do GAGs have

A

negative

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7
Q

why is the GAG negative charnge important

A

cations are attracted to it and get trapped in the ECM, giving it gel like properties

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8
Q

what does GAGs considte of

A

repreating units of amino sugar and acid

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9
Q

how are proteoglycans syntehsized

A

sugar reidues added to both serine and asparagine resides
sulfate groups added
linked to hyaluronic acid

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10
Q

what does the hyaluronic acid linkage require

A

linker protein

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11
Q

where are proteoglycans degraded

A

in lysosomes

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12
Q

what are proteoglycans linked to

A

long polymers of acids and aminosugars which are sulfating in golgi apparatus after synthesis

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13
Q

what do proteoglycans required for degradation

A

specialized vacuolar enzymes

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14
Q

mucopolysaccharidosis

A

defective proteoglycan degrading hydrolase, causing substrate to accumulate in lysosomes

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15
Q

what gets accumulated in hunter syndrome

A

dermatan sulfate

heparan sulfate

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16
Q

what is the defective enzyme in hunter syndrome

A

iduronate sulfatase

17
Q

symtptoms of hunter syndrome

A

skeletal abnoramlity

intellula disability

18
Q

what gets accumulated in hurler’scheie

A

dermatan sulfate

herparan sulfate

19
Q

what is teh defective enzyme in herler schie

A

alpha iduronase

20
Q

what is teh symptoms for herler scheie

A

skeletal abnoramlity, intellectual disability

21
Q

what gets accumulated in sanfilippos

A

heparan sulfate

22
Q

waht are teh symptoms for sanfilipposns

A

mild physical defects

severe intellectual diability

23
Q

for the glycosylation of proteins what does the cell need to synthesize mainly

A

mannose
galactose
fucose

24
Q

what is teh general pathway for synthesis of imporatant sugars from glucose

A
  1. UDP galactose synthesized
  2. fructose 6 phophate —> mannose 6 phospahte
  3. GDP mannose —> GDP fucose
25
glycosylation is a common path for waht
excretion of poorly water soluble molecules
26
where do glycosylation reactions occur
liver
27
what do glycosylation reactions require
production of UDP-glucuronic acid
28
what happens if the UDP glucuronylation pathway of dextox is overwelhmed
acetaminophen is oxidized by NABQI
29
allosteric regulation
fast acting
30
What are common allosteric regulators indicators of
ATP and NADPH
31
covalent modification of enzyme
slowe rprocess, under hormonal control
32
translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4
mechanism that regulates glucose uptake into cells
33
what controls the rate of protein synthesis
hormones
34
what can happen in RBC
glycolysis | PPP
35
what can happen in muscle and heart
glycogen metabolism glycolysis ox phos PPP
36
what can happen in adipose tissue
``` glycogen metabolim ox phos glycolysis PPP FA synthesis ```
37
what can happen in liver
``` glycogen metablism glycolysis gluconeogenesis PPP ox phos FA synthesis ```