Introduction to metabolism Flashcards
catabolic
larger molecules into smaller molecules
anabolic
small precursors to larger molecules
important roles of catabolism
form reducing agents
generation of more ATP via ox-phos
biosynthesis
how are anabolism and catabolism related
anabolism uses the precusors made from catabolism
function of NADH, FADH2, FMNH
generate more ATP via ox phos
function of NADPH
serves as a reducing agent in anabolic (biosynthetic) reactions
what does catabolic processes usually use
ATP
when are catabolic and anabolic processes taking place
always happening simultaneously
when is there more catabolic processes
fasting/starvation
when is there more anabolic processes
well-fed state
how do we release free energy from glucose
oxidation
oxidation
removal of electrons (mainly from carbon)
how can electrons be removed
free, naked electron
hydrogen atom
hydride ion
what is happening during ox phos
reoxidation of NADH, FADH2, FMNH2 by ETS,
what does ETS do
uses electrons to reduce O2 -> H2O. traps some E as ATP
what does deficiency of niacin lead to
pellagra
what are the 4 Ds of pellagra
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death
what is riboflavin part of
strucutre of FAD/FADH2 and FMN/FMNH2
how can you regulate activity of reactions/pathways
substrate availablity
regulation of enzyme activity
compartmentalization
regulation of amoun tof enzyme present
where does Ox Phos take place
mitochondrial inner membrane
substrate level phosphorylation
energery in a metabolite that already has a high engery body can be used by the enzyme to form ATP from ADP + Pi
phosphorylated metabolites function
transfer the high energy phosphate to ADP
function of non-phosphorylated metabolites
energy trapped by the enzyme and used to add Pi to ADP
What are the key metabolic intermediates that tie anabolic and catabolic pathways together
acetyl-CoA
glucose 6 phosphate
pyruvate
CAC intermediates
