2nd messengers II Flashcards
function of alpha1adrenergic receptors
activate phospholipase C
function of alpha2 adrenergic receptors
inhibtion of adenylate cyclase
function of beta adrenergic receptors
activate adenylate cyclase
where does epinephrine act through beta adrenergic receptors
skeletal muscle
where does epinepherine act through alpha1 adrenergic receptors
liver
what is NO produced from
arginine
NO
acts locally
what is NO converted rapidly to
nitrates and nitrates upon reaction with O2 and water
what happens when acetylcholine is released
influx of Ca++ into endothelial cells
what happens with Ca++ binds to calmodulin
complex stimulated activity of NO synthase
what happens when NO is released
diffuses into neighboring smooth muscle cells, binds/activates soluble guanylate cyclase
how does nitroglycerin work to treat angina
converted to NO, causes relaxation of blood vessels, reduces blood pressure
what type of drug is VIagra
phosphodiesterase inhibitor
how does Viagra work
cGAMP levles remain elevated, blood vessles stay relaxed, increasing blood flow
function of protein tyrosine kinase
transfer gamma-phosphate from ATP to hydroxyl group of tyrosine
what happens after insulin binds
receptor phosphorylates itself on tyrosine residences
what happens to phosphorylated reduces of tyrosine
form docking sites for recruitment of IRS1
what does IRS1 do
binds to insulin receptor, cauing insuline receptors to phosphorylate IRs1
what does phosphorylated IRS1 do
serves as a binding site for other molecules that mediation action of insulin inside the cell
what does insuline stimulate
glucose uptake from blood glycogen synthesis triglyceride syntheiss amino acid uptake protein synthesis
when is ANP secreted
when bp rises
what does ANP do
bind guanylate cyclase catalytic receptors in kidney and vascular walls
waht is the affect of ANP on kidney
stimulate secretion of Na+ and water
what is the affect of ANP on vasculator
vasodilation, reduce bp
when does BNP levles rise
congestive heart failure
how is the response of lipophilic hormones compared to hydrophilic hormones
slower, long lived
how does vibrio cholerase work
catalyze ADP-ribosylation of alpha subunit of Gs protein of intestinal epithelial cells
how does cholera toxin affect cAMP and PKA
cAMP remains high
PKA remains active
what channel does cholera toxin affect
CFTR
how does pertussis toxin work
catalyze ADP ribosylation of the alpha subunit of a Gi protein at cyestine residue
how does pertussis affect cAMP
incrases
