2nd messengers II

Question 1

function of alpha1adrenergic receptors

Answer 1

activate phospholipase C

Question 2

function of alpha2 adrenergic receptors

Answer 2

inhibtion of adenylate cyclase

Question 3

function of beta adrenergic receptors

Answer 3

activate adenylate cyclase

Question 4

where does epinephrine act through beta adrenergic receptors

Answer 4

skeletal muscle

Question 5

where does epinepherine act through alpha1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 5

liver

Question 6

what is NO produced from

Answer 6

arginine

Question 7

NO

Answer 7

acts locally

Question 8

what is NO converted rapidly to

Answer 8

nitrates and nitrates upon reaction with O2 and water

Question 9

what happens when acetylcholine is released

Answer 9

influx of Ca++ into endothelial cells

Question 10

what happens with Ca++ binds to calmodulin

Answer 10

complex stimulated activity of NO synthase

Question 11

what happens when NO is released

Answer 11

diffuses into neighboring smooth muscle cells, binds/activates soluble guanylate cyclase

Question 12

how does nitroglycerin work to treat angina

Answer 12

converted to NO, causes relaxation of blood vessels, reduces blood pressure

Question 13

what type of drug is VIagra

Answer 13

phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Question 14

how does Viagra work

Answer 14

cGAMP levles remain elevated, blood vessles stay relaxed, increasing blood flow

Question 15

function of protein tyrosine kinase

Answer 15

transfer gamma-phosphate from ATP to hydroxyl group of tyrosine

Question 16

what happens after insulin binds

Answer 16

receptor phosphorylates itself on tyrosine residences

Question 17

what happens to phosphorylated reduces of tyrosine

Answer 17

form docking sites for recruitment of IRS1

Question 18

what does IRS1 do

Answer 18

binds to insulin receptor, cauing insuline receptors to phosphorylate IRs1

Question 19

what does phosphorylated IRS1 do

Answer 19

serves as a binding site for other molecules that mediation action of insulin inside the cell

Question 20

what does insuline stimulate

Answer 20

glucose uptake from blood
glycogen synthesis
triglyceride syntheiss
amino acid uptake
protein synthesis

Question 21

when is ANP secreted

Answer 21

when bp rises

Question 22

what does ANP do

Answer 22

bind guanylate cyclase catalytic receptors in kidney and vascular walls

Question 23

waht is the affect of ANP on kidney

Answer 23

stimulate secretion of Na+ and water

Question 24

what is the affect of ANP on vasculator

Answer 24

vasodilation, reduce bp

Question 25

when does BNP levles rise

Answer 25

congestive heart failure

Question 26

how is the response of lipophilic hormones compared to hydrophilic hormones

Answer 26

slower, long lived

Question 27

how does vibrio cholerase work

Answer 27

catalyze ADP-ribosylation of alpha subunit of Gs protein of intestinal epithelial cells

Question 28

how does cholera toxin affect cAMP and PKA

Answer 28

cAMP remains high

PKA remains active

Question 29

what channel does cholera toxin affect

Answer 29

CFTR

Question 30

how does pertussis toxin work

Answer 30

catalyze ADP ribosylation of the alpha subunit of a Gi protein at cyestine residue

Question 31

how does pertussis affect cAMP

Answer 31

incrases