Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochem 1 > Carbs I > Flashcards

Carbs I Flashcards

1
Q

What can glucose be made into via modification

A

proteoglycans, other glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can glucose produce bia the PPP

A

ribose, NADPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can glycose be used to make via glycolysis

A

pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

oligosaccharides

A

less than 10 molecules are linked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

polysaccharides

A

chains more than 10 molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

beta configation

A

C1 hydroxyl group on the same side of ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

alpha confiration

A

C1 hydroxyl group on the opp side of the ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mutarotation

A

in solution the alpha and beta form interconvert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does mutarotation explain

A

damaging effects from teh reducing power of glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in the open chain form waht can sugard do

A

reduce proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens when you oxidize the C1 hydroxyl group of glucose

A

initae the PPP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens if you oxidize the C6-hydroxyl group

A

yield uronic acid, which are important for proteoglycans in teh ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does reduction of glucose yield

A

hexitol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does oxiation of glucose yield

A

acids and ketones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens when you phosphorylate glucose

A

makes free glucose, which is found in extracellular fluids and enterocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens when you aminiate glucose

A

helps make UDP-GlcNAc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does glucosamine synthesis start from

A

fructose 6 phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where are sulfated sugars found

A

large proteoglycan molecules that make up ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do sulfate groups add to the molecule

A

negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

formation of glycosidic bond mechanism

A
  1. sugar linked to nucleotide, requires ATP, to form NDP-sugar
  2. NDP-sugar transfers carb to target molecule, catalyzed by glycosyltransfase and does not require ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are glycosidic bonds formed between

A

substrate and activated sugar nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is UDP-glucose required for

A

synthesis of glyogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is UP-glucuronic acid required for

A

liver detox reaction

24
Q

glycogen synthase

A

builds storage carbohydrate glycogen by transferring glucose from UDP glucose to an existing glycogen molecule

25
Q

UDP glucuronyltransferases

A

transfer glucuronic acid from UDP-glucuronate to many differetn substrates to facilitte excretion

26
Q

echinocandians

A

antifungal drugs that prevent synthesis of gungal cell wall beta glucan

27
Q

ethambutol

A

imparies cell wall in TB

28
Q

function of alpha linked polysaccharides

A

storage form of glucose.

29
Q

functino of beta linked polysaccharides

A

structural support

30
Q

main breakdown produces of starch and glycogen degration

A

maltose, maltotriose, glucose, alpha-limit dextin

31
Q

what degrades straches in the small intestine

A

alpha glucosidase and isomaltase

32
Q

wht is maltase hydrolyzed by

A

maltase

33
Q

what is lactose hydrolyzed into

A

glucose and galactose

34
Q

what is maltose hydrolyzed into

A

2 glucose molecules

35
Q

what is sucros split into

A

glucose and fructose

36
Q

raffinose

A

sugar in seeds that can’t be digested easily, leads to farts

37
Q

where is Na+/glucose symporter SGLT1 located

A

small intestine and kidney

38
Q

function of Na+/glucose symporter SGLT1

A

active transport of glucose adn galatone into epithelial cells

39
Q

where is GLUT1 found

A

all tissues

40
Q

function of GLUT1

A

basal glucose/galactose uptake

41
Q

location of GLUT2

A

liver, intestine, beta cells of pancreas

42
Q

function of GLUT 2 in liver

A

removal of glucose/galactose form blood

43
Q

function of GLUT 2 in intestine

A

relase of glucose/galactose from epithelial cells into circulation

44
Q

function of GLUT 2 in pancrease

A

regulation of insulin secretion

45
Q

wehre is GLUT 3 found

A

all tissues

46
Q

function of GLUT 3

A

basal glucose galactose uptake

47
Q

where is GLUT 4 found

A

muscles and adipose tissue

48
Q

function of GLUT 4

A

incraeses with endurance training, can be translocated to cell surface

49
Q

where is GLUT 5 located

A

small intetine, liver

50
Q

function of GLUT 5

A

uptake of fructose

51
Q

what transport is induced by insuline

A

GLUT 4

52
Q

function of hexokinase

A

phorphorylates c6 of glucose, gives it a neg change, prevents it from being transported across membrane

53
Q

function of galactosekinase

A

traps galctose inside cells

54
Q

what does liver produce instead of hexokinase

A

glucokinase

55
Q

fructokinase

A

high affinity uptake and degration of fructose in hepatocytes

56
Q

what is different about glucokinase in comparision to hexokinase

A

it’s not inhibited by glucose 6 phosphate, so it keeps trapping glucose in the liver even if intracellualr conc are high

Biochem 1 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions