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Biochem 1 > Carbs III > Flashcards

Carbs III Flashcards

1
Q

where does gluconeogensis take place

A

mosly liver, but in starvation it can happen in kidney

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2
Q

what are the most important precurosrs for gluconeogensis

A

lactate, amino acids, glycerol

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3
Q

can the bulk of fatty acids be converted into glucose?

A

no

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4
Q

what is the main regulated step of gluconeogensis

A

fructose 1,6 bisphophate

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5
Q

what are the regulation steps that are unique reactions to glucneogesis

A

formation of PEP, dephosphoryaltion of fructose, 1,6 bisphohate and dephorphorylation of glucose 6 phosphate

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6
Q

general affect of insulin

A

represses gluconeoglesis

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7
Q

glucoagon affect

A

stimulates gluconeogensis

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8
Q

what is pyruvate carboxylate inhibited by

A

insuline

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9
Q

what is PEP carboxykinase inhibited by

A

insulin, AMP1

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10
Q

what is PEP carvoxykinase stimualted by

A

glucagon, cAMP

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11
Q

what is fructose 1,6 bisphosphate inihbted by

A

fructose 2,6 bisphohste, AMP

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12
Q

what is fructose 1,6 bisphophate stimulated by

A

citrate

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13
Q

what is glucose 6 phosphatease stimulated by

A

glucagon

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14
Q

what is glucose 6 phospahtes inhibited by

A

insulin

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15
Q

how does accumulating acetyl-CoA influence carbohydrate metabolism

A

represses glycosis by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase

activate gluconeogensis by stimulating pyruvate carobxlase

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16
Q

what causeing fasting hypoglycemia

A

problems with mobilization of stored glucose
problems with utilization of stored fat as alternative fuel
problems with gluconeogensis

17
Q

insufficent gluconeogenic activity can result form waht

A

inborn errors of metabolism

liver disease

18
Q

what does synthesis of lactose start with

A

UDP-glucose

19
Q

reaction to get lactose

A

UDP glucose —> UDP galactose —> lactose synthase condenses into lactose

20
Q

what does beta galactosyltransferase do

A

catalyze synthesis of N acetyllactosamine and lactose

21
Q

what is N acetyllactosamine

A

component of glycosaminoglycins of ECM

22
Q

function of PPP

A

yield NADPH and ribosis

23
Q

reactions of oxidative phase of PPP

A

glucose 6 phophate —> 6-phosphogluconate —-> ribose 5 phosphate

24
Q

enzyme of glucose 6 phophase —> 6 phosphogluconate

A

glucose 6 phophate dehydrogase

25
Q

products of oxidative phase of PPP

A

2 NADPH

26
Q

what is happening to the glucose in the oxidative phase of PPP

A

decarboxylated to form a pentose and reduce NADP

27
Q

what is happening during the nonoxidative phase of PPP

A

carbons in pentoses are rearranged to form glycolytic intermediates

28
Q

what is the regualted step of PPP

A

glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase

29
Q

what is glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibted by

A

NADPH

30
Q

what happens if the cell needs both riboses and NADPH

A

PPP runs

31
Q

what happens if cell needs riboses but not NADPH

A

glycolysis runs, non oxidative phase of PPP runs

32
Q

what happens if cell needs NADPH and not riboses

A

PPP and gluconeogensis runs

33
Q

what happens if cell needs NADPH and ATP

A

runs PPP and glycosis

34
Q

who is G6PD common in

A

african american men

35
Q

what are individuals with G6PD sensitive to

A

H2O2.

36
Q

what does thiamine deficeny (beri beri) impair

A

funciton of PPP

Biochem 1 (28 decks)

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