Carbs III Flashcards
where does gluconeogensis take place
mosly liver, but in starvation it can happen in kidney
what are the most important precurosrs for gluconeogensis
lactate, amino acids, glycerol
can the bulk of fatty acids be converted into glucose?
no
what is the main regulated step of gluconeogensis
fructose 1,6 bisphophate
what are the regulation steps that are unique reactions to glucneogesis
formation of PEP, dephosphoryaltion of fructose, 1,6 bisphohate and dephorphorylation of glucose 6 phosphate
general affect of insulin
represses gluconeoglesis
glucoagon affect
stimulates gluconeogensis
what is pyruvate carboxylate inhibited by
insuline
what is PEP carboxykinase inhibited by
insulin, AMP1
what is PEP carvoxykinase stimualted by
glucagon, cAMP
what is fructose 1,6 bisphosphate inihbted by
fructose 2,6 bisphohste, AMP
what is fructose 1,6 bisphophate stimulated by
citrate
what is glucose 6 phosphatease stimulated by
glucagon
what is glucose 6 phospahtes inhibited by
insulin
how does accumulating acetyl-CoA influence carbohydrate metabolism
represses glycosis by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase
activate gluconeogensis by stimulating pyruvate carobxlase
what causeing fasting hypoglycemia
problems with mobilization of stored glucose
problems with utilization of stored fat as alternative fuel
problems with gluconeogensis
insufficent gluconeogenic activity can result form waht
inborn errors of metabolism
liver disease
what does synthesis of lactose start with
UDP-glucose
reaction to get lactose
UDP glucose —> UDP galactose —> lactose synthase condenses into lactose
what does beta galactosyltransferase do
catalyze synthesis of N acetyllactosamine and lactose
what is N acetyllactosamine
component of glycosaminoglycins of ECM
function of PPP
yield NADPH and ribosis
reactions of oxidative phase of PPP
glucose 6 phophate —> 6-phosphogluconate —-> ribose 5 phosphate
enzyme of glucose 6 phophase —> 6 phosphogluconate
glucose 6 phophate dehydrogase
products of oxidative phase of PPP
2 NADPH
what is happening to the glucose in the oxidative phase of PPP
decarboxylated to form a pentose and reduce NADP
what is happening during the nonoxidative phase of PPP
carbons in pentoses are rearranged to form glycolytic intermediates
what is the regualted step of PPP
glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase
what is glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibted by
NADPH
what happens if the cell needs both riboses and NADPH
PPP runs
what happens if cell needs riboses but not NADPH
glycolysis runs, non oxidative phase of PPP runs
what happens if cell needs NADPH and not riboses
PPP and gluconeogensis runs
what happens if cell needs NADPH and ATP
runs PPP and glycosis
who is G6PD common in
african american men
what are individuals with G6PD sensitive to
H2O2.
what does thiamine deficeny (beri beri) impair
funciton of PPP
