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Biochem 1 > Acetyl CoA and CAC > Flashcards

Acetyl CoA and CAC Flashcards

1
Q

What is Acetyl-CoA made of

A

acetate and coenzyme A linked by thioester bond

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2
Q

what is Aoenzyme A made of

A

AMP
vita B5
mercaptoethylamine

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3
Q

succinyl COA

A

metabolic intermeidate of CAC

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4
Q

fatty acyl COA

A

derivative acylated with a fatty acid

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5
Q

what is the unacylated form of Coenzyme called

A

CoASH

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6
Q

What can acetyl-CoA be formed from

A

Cars
fatty acids
amino acids

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7
Q

what can acetyl-CoA serve as

A

substrate of CAC

metabolic precursor for fatty acids, ketone bodies, cholesteral

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8
Q

how does glycose get to acetyl CoA

A

glycolysis to pyruvate which undergoes oxidative decarboxylation

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9
Q

how do free fatty acids become acetyl CoA

A

beta oxidation

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10
Q

how do amino acids become acetyl CoA

A

demaination and oxidation

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11
Q

what is the major source of pyruvate

A

glycolytic pathway

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12
Q

Is the PDH complex reversible

A

no

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13
Q

What are the 3 enzymes of the PDH complex

A

pyruvate decarboylase
dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
dihydrolipoyldehydrogenase

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14
Q

first step of PDH complex

A

pyruvate decarboicated to form hydroexyethyl derivative bound to TPP

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15
Q

second step of PDH complex

A

hydroxyethyl intermediate oxidated to acetyl group by transfer of disulfide form of lipoic acid bound to dihydrolipoyl transcetylase

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16
Q

3rd step of PDH complex

A

acetyl group trransfered to CoASH by transacetylase

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17
Q

4th step of PDH complex

A

regen lipoic acid via dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

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18
Q

5th step of PDH compelx

A

FAD2 reoxidated to FAD by dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. produces NADH

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19
Q

waht are the products of PDH complex

A

Acetyl CoA, CO2, NADH, H+

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20
Q

What is TPPP

A

pyrophosphorylated form of thiamin

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21
Q

Where is the PDH complex

A

mitochondrial matrix

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22
Q

where is pyruvate generated

A

cytosol

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23
Q

What is the general reaction of PDH compelx

A

pyrucate is converted to acetyl-CoA via loss of DO2

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24
Q

what happens to the NADH in PDH complex

A

oxidized by ETS, resulting in generation of 3 ATPs

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25
what are teh 5 coenzymes of PDH complex reaction
CoA, NAD+, TPP, lipoamide, FAD
26
what are the 2 soluble coenzymes of PDH complex reaction
CoA, NAD+
27
what are the 3 tightly bound coenzyme of PDH compelx
TPP, lipoamide, FAD
28
What are the 4 B vitamins in coenzyme strucutres
thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothetnic acid
29
waht is thiamin assocaited with
TPP
30
what is riboflavian associated with
FAD
31
what is niacin assoicated with
NAD/NADH
32
what is pantothenic acid assocaited with
CoASH
33
what happens if you get inhibition of PDH comples
metabolic acidosis
34
roles of CAC
major ATP generating pathway | metabolic precursors for biosyntehsis
35
where does the CAC take place
mitochondria
36
Waht does the CAC generate
3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP
37
how many ATPs can the CAC generate
12
38
1st reaction in CAC
acetyl CoA + OAA --> citrate via citrate synthase
39
2nd reaction in CAC
citrate --> isocritrate via acontiase
40
3rd reaction in CAC
isocitrate --> alpha ketoglutarate via isocitrate dehydrogenase
41
4th reaction in CAC
alpha KG ---> succinyl-CoA via alpha KG dehydrogase complex
42
5th reaction in CAC
succinyl CoA ---> succinate via succinyl-CoA synthetase
43
6th reaction in CAC
succinate ---> fumrate via succinate dehydrogenase
44
7th reaction in CAC
fumate ----> malate via fumarase
45
8th reaction in CAC
malate ---> OAA via malate dehydrogase
46
what CAC reactions produce CO2
isocitrate ----> alpha-KG | alpha-KG ----> succinyl-CoA
47
what CAC reactions produce NADH
isocitrate ---> alpha-KG alpha KG ----> succinyl CoA malate ---> OAA
48
what CAC reaction produces FADH2
succinate ---> fumarate
49
how many ATPs does NADH yield
3
50
how many ATPs does FADH2 yield
2
51
how many ATPs can be formed from each molecules of pyruvate
15
52
how many ATPs can be formed from each glucose molecule
30
53
what happens if oxygen in limited
pyruvate gets reduced to lactate using NADH
54
what does citrate lead to
Acetyl-CoA, fatty acids, sterols
55
waht does alpha-KG lead to
glutamate, amino acids purine
56
what does succinyl-CoA lead to
porphyrins
57
what does malate lead to
pyrucate alanin
58
what os OAA lead to
phosphoneyl pyruvate, glucose | aspartate, amino acids, urea, purines, pyrimdiens
59
what is the most important anaplerotic enzyme
pyruvate carboxylase
60
what does pyruvate carboxylase do
turn pyruvate into OAA,
61
where is pyruvate caroxylase
mitochondrial matrix
62
what does pyruvate carboxylase requrie
biotin
63
function of glutamate dehydrogenase
remove amin group from amino acids so they can be oxidized to form ATP
64
what are the key intermediates that signal there is a lot of energy
acetyl-COA citrate NADH
65
what inhibit the PDH Complex
acetyl CoA, NADH, ATP, fatty acids
66
what stimulates the PDH complex
CoASh, pyrucate, ,NAD+, ADP
67
how does phosphorylation state affect activity of PDH complex
less active in phosphoryaltes state
68
what happens when PDH protein kinase is activated
inhibits PDH activity
69
what are the 2 most important enzymes for regulation of CAC
isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-KG dehyrogenase complex
70
what is isocitrate dehydrogenase activated by
ADP
71
what is isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibited by
NADH
72
what is alpha-KG dehydrogenase inhibited by
succinyl-CoA and NADH
73
symptoms of thiamin defiency
mental confusion ataxia loss of eye coordination
74
symptoms of beri beri
neuromuscluar symptom muscle atrophy weakness

Biochem 1 (28 decks)

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