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IDC Stuff > Principles of Pharmacy > Flashcards

Principles of Pharmacy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prescription form number

A

DD 1289

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2
Q

what is the Poly prescription form number

A

NAVMED 6710/6

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3
Q

Controlled substances are written on what prescription form

A

DD 1289

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4
Q

hand written prescriptions must include what information

A

Pt. Full name, SSN & DoDID#

Date prescription written

Patient age or DOB

full name of drug

form or drug

dosage/size/strength in metric

quantity to be dispensed

directions for the Pt.

Legible signature of the provider.

Refill authorization.

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5
Q

what are the general principles of pharmacology

A

actions

reactions

response

drug interactions.

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6
Q

define pharmacokinetic

A

Activities of the drug after it enters the body.

ie. absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

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7
Q

fundamental concept in pharmacokinetics

A

elimination of drugs from the body.

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8
Q

define absorption

A

transfer of the drug from the body fluids to the tissues

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9
Q

what are the 4 types of absorption

A

Active absorption

Passive absorption

pinocytosis

Bioavailability

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10
Q

characterize Active absorption

A

Carrier molecule actively moves the drug across the membrane

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11
Q

characterize passive absorption

A

Diffuse across a membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration

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12
Q

define Pinocytosis

A

Cells engulf the drug particle across the cell membrane

Think PACKMAN

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13
Q

Bioavailability is a sub category of what process

A

absorption

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14
Q

define Bioavailability

A

percentage of the administered drug dose after metabolism that reaches the systemic circulation

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15
Q

when drugs are taken orally bioavailability occurs only after what

A

drug has been absorbed and metabolized by the liver

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16
Q

Oral drugs that have a first pass hepatic metabolism may only have a bioavailability of what percentage

A

20-40%

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17
Q

IV medication bioavailability of what percent

A

100%

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18
Q

what are factors that alter bioavailability

A

drug form and Solubility

admin route

dysfunction of the Liver

food and drugs

GI mucosa and motility

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19
Q

define distribution

A

Movement of drug throughout the body typically on proteins (albumin)

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20
Q

define Therapeutic effect

A

Drug levels in blood to produce desired effect

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21
Q

drug level is too high it is referred to as

A

Toxic

22
Q

drug level is too low it is referred to as

A

decreased effect

23
Q

define Metabolism

A

Chemical reaction, liver converts drug to inactive compound

24
Q

where does metabolism happen

A

Kidneys

Intestinal mucosa

Liver

Lungs

Plasma

25
Q

define Excretion

A

Elimination of drugs from the body.

26
Q

define half life

A

Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug.

27
Q

what increases a medications half life

A

Kidney, Liver disease and old age

28
Q

define Pharmacodynamics

A

Drug’s actions and effects within the body.

29
Q

what are the two categories of Pharmacodynamics:

A

Primary or desired effect

Secondary effects (side effects) – desired or undesired.

30
Q

define Physical dependence

A

A compulsive need to use a substance

repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms

31
Q

Psychological dependence

A

A compulsion to use a substance to

obtain a pleasurable experience

32
Q

Pharmacogenetic disorder

A

genetically determined abnormal

response to normal doses of a drug.

33
Q

Receptor

A

specialized macromolecule that binds to the drug molecule, altering the function of the cell and producing the therapeutic response.

34
Q

characterize Alterations in Cellular Environment

A

drug that alters cellular function can increase or decrease the physiologic functions of the cell
Ex: Increased heart rate, decrease blood pressure.

35
Q

Therapeutic Response

A

Alteration of cell to achieve the desired response.

36
Q

Agonist

A

Drug that binds with a receptor to produce the

therapeutic response.

37
Q

Antagonist

A

Drug binds to receptor stronger than the
agonist thus producing no pharmacologic effect Ex: Narcan
is antagonist to morphine.

38
Q

Adverse reaction

A

undesirable effects

39
Q

Allergic reaction

A

A drug reaction that occurs because the
individual’s immune system views the drug as a foreign
substance.

40
Q

Drug idiosyncrasy:

A

Any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug that a patient can
have, that do not occur in the vast majority of patients taking the same drug

41
Q

Drug tolerance

A

decreased response to a drug, requiring an

increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect.

42
Q

Cumulative drug effect:

A

A drug effect that occurs when the body has

not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before the next dose is given

43
Q

Toxic

A

harmful drug effect if it is delivered in high dose or

when blood concentration levels exceed therapeutic level

44
Q

Pharmacogenetics Reactions

A

Inherited traits that cause abnormal

metabolism of the drug

45
Q

Pharmaceutic phase

A

The dissolution of a drug. Usually applying to the breakdown

of tablets.

46
Q

Drug Interactions

A

When one drug interacts with or interferes with the

action of another drug.

47
Q

Additive drug reaction

A

reaction that occurs when the combined

effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone

48
Q

Synergism

A

drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions.

49
Q

Antagonist Drug Reaction

A

When one drug interferes with the
action of another, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effect
of one drug.

50
Q

Drug - Food Interactions

A

Drug given orally, food may impair or

enhance its absorption

51
Q

what personal factors influence drug response

A

Age

weight

gender

disease

route of administration

drug use and pregnancy

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