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IDC Stuff > Pharmacological Profile > Flashcards

Pharmacological Profile Flashcards

1
Q

classes of psychotherapeutic drugs

A

Sedatives and Hypnotics

Antianxiety Drugs

Antidepressants

Antipsychotic

CNS Stimulants

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2
Q

antianxiety drugs can be subdivided into

A

Benzodiazepines

Non- Benzodiazepines

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3
Q

Benzodiazapine Bind to what specific benzodiazepine receptors which enhances the binding of this inhibitory neurotransmitter.

A

GABA receptor complex,

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4
Q

do Benzodiazepine have analgesic properties.

A

No

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5
Q

non benzodiazepines antianxiety act on what

A

the brain’s dopamine and serotonin receptors.

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6
Q

what are counterindications of antianxiety medicaations

A

Do not use with patients who are

comatose

have pre- existing CNS depression.

uncontrolled severe pain

pregnancy or lactation

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7
Q

what are examples of Benzodiazepines

A

Alprazolam: Xanax

Diazepam: Valium

Lorazepam: Ativan

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8
Q

what are examples of Non- Benzo

A

Buspirone hydrochloride: Bu Spar

Hydroxyzine: Atarax

Sertraline (SSRI): May be used long term.

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9
Q

what are the classes of antidepressants

A

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

Serotonin Reuptake inhibitor/Antagonist

Dopamine/Norepinephrine-Reuptake Inhibitor

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10
Q 
what antidepressant class works by Increase levels of norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting their
reuptake and blocking the action of acetylcholine.
A

Tricyclic antidepressants TCA

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11
Q

what antidepressant class works by Inhibits the activity of Monoamine oxidase resulting in increased endogenous neuro-hormones.

A

MAOI

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12
Q

what antidepressant class works to Increasing serotonin by inhibiting neuronal uptake to CNS.

A

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SSRI

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13
Q

antidepressant drugs can be used for

A

Depressive symptoms,
Anxiety
Obsessive Compulsion Disorder,
Smoking cessation: (Bupriopion-wellbutrin

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14
Q

delete

A

delete

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15
Q

delete

A

delete

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16
Q

delete

A

delete

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17
Q

TCA should be administered within how many days of MAOI

A

14 days

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18
Q

delete

A

delete

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19
Q

how long do antidepressants take to work

A

4-6 weeks

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20
Q

antidepressants should not be taken with what plant

A

St. johns wort

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21
Q

what medication Block dopamine receptors in the brain; also alter dopamine release and turnover.

A

Antipsychotic

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22
Q

antipsychotics are broken into what classifications

A

“typical” (1st Generation)

“atypical” (2nd Generation)

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23
Q

what classification of antipsychotics have fewer side effects

A

“atypical” (2nd Generation)

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24
Q

Amphetamines and Anorexiants fall in what drug classification

A

CNS Stimulants

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25
Q

what drug classification Produce CNS stimulation by increasing levels of neurotransmitters in the CNS.

A

CNS Stimulants

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26
Q

what drug classification Reduction of excitability of the neurons of the brain

A

Anticonvulsants

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27
Q

delete

A

delete

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28
Q

what drug classification act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to inhibit nausea and vomiting by depressing the sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear.

A

Anti-emetic

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29
Q

Anti-emetic are used for what

A

Antiemetic: Prophylaxis or treatment of nausea or vomiting.

Antivertigo: Treatment of vertigo

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30
Q

what drug classification inhibiting transport of ions

across neuronal membranes, thereby preventing initiation and conduction of normal nerve impulses.

A

Anesthetic

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31
Q

what antagonist medication dissociates the pt from surroundings

A

ketamine

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32
Q

ketamine usually increases what vitals

A

BP
HR
Cardiac output (CO)

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33
Q

how does ketamine produce analgesia

A

excites opioid receptors within the insular cortex, putamen, and thalamus

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34
Q

IM ketamine take anesthetic effect within how many minutes

A

3 to 4 minutes

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35
Q

Local anesthetics are utilized when

A

prior to minor painful procedures

Induction of General or Regional Anesthetic

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36
Q

what are adverse reactions of ketamine

A

increase HR and BP

Prolonged emergence from anesthesia

increases the risk of laryngospasm

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37
Q

what is the dose of ketamine for:

IM pain control

Analgesia

Induction

A

20-40 mg IM.

10-20mg IV

1-2 mg/kg IV

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38
Q

what is the intravenous (IV) induction drug of choice

A

Propofol

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39
Q

what are the four types of analgesics

A

Salicylate

Non-salicylate

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)

Urinary Analgesics

40
Q 
what drug class Inhibition of prostaglandins, dilates peripheral blood vessels (cools body),
prolong bleeding by inhibiting aggregation of platelets
A

Salicylates

41
Q

an example of Salicylates medication is

A

aspirin

42
Q

Analgesic and antipyretic is what type of drug class

A

Non-Salicylate

43
Q

what are example non salicylate medication

A

Acetaminophen

Benzocaine-Menthol

44
Q

what drug classification works to Inhibit the action of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX-1 & COX-2
(Nonselective) or Cox 2 -Selective) which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis

A

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)

45
Q

what are examples of NSAIDS:

A 
Ibuprofen
Indomethacin
Ketorolac:
Naproxen:
Celecoxib
Meloxicam
46
Q 
what medication class is a topical bladder and urethral anesthetic and analgesic through
an unknown mechanism.
A

Urinary Anesthetic/Analgesic

47
Q

what is a urinary anesthetic analgesic medication

A

Phenazopyridine

48
Q

what class drug class bind to opiate receptors in the CNS, where they act as agonists of endogenously occurring opioid peptides (endorphins). The result is alteration to the perception of and response to pain and is used for the management be to moderate to sever pain

A

Narcotic Analgesics

49
Q

what are examples of Narcotic Analgesics medication s

A 
Partial Agonist
Codeine
Fentanyl
Hydromorphone
Methadone
Morphine sulfate
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
50
Q

what classification of drug is a an opioid antagonist is a receptor antagonist that acts on opioid receptors. and is used for narcotic overdose

A

Narcotic Antagonist

51
Q

what is a medication example of Narcotic Antagonist dug

A

Naloxone

52
Q

what class of drug is used to treat allergic reactions

A

H1 antihistamines

53
Q

what class of drug is used to treat gastric acid conditions

A

H2 antihistamines

54
Q

what are examples of 1st generation antihistamines

A

Diphenhydramine:
Hydroxyzine
Promethazine:

55
Q

what are examples of 2nd generation antihistamines

A

Cetirizine HCL
Fexofenadine
Loratadine

56
Q

what medication class is used to treat Common cold, hay fever or upper respiratory allergies, sinus congestion, and pressure. by reducing swelling of nasal passages and enhancing drainage of sinuses

A

Decongestant

57
Q

what are examples of decongestants

A

Oxymetazoline HCL:
Pseudoephedrine
Phenylephrine

58
Q

what class of drug Release stimulants and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamine’s.

and is used to Reversible Airway Obstruction caused by bronchospasm due to bronchial asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, and other Obstructive pulmonary disease

A

Beta² Agonists

59
Q

what are Beta² Agonists drugs used for

A

Reversible Airway Obstruction caused by bronchospasm due to bronchial asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, and other Obstructive pulmonary disease.

60
Q

what are examples of Beta² Agonists drugs

A

Albuterol sulfate:

Levalbuterol HCL:

61
Q

what drug classification Antagonizes acetylcholine receptors, producing bronchodilation

A

Muscarinic Antagonists

62
Q

what class of drugs is used for Symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

A

Muscarinic Antagonists used for

63
Q

what class of drug works on Antagonizes acetylcholine receptors, producing bronchodilation.

A

Muscarinic Antagonists

64
Q

what Muscarinic Antagonists drugs

A

Ipratropium

Tiotropium:

65
Q

what are Broncho constrictive substance released by the body during inflammation.

A

Leukotriene

66
Q

what class of drug is used to Inhibit the release of substances that cause bronchoconstriction and inflammation from the mast cells in the respiratory tract

A

Mast Cell Stabilizer:

67
Q

what are examples of mast cell stabilizer

A

Cromolyn

68
Q

what are examples of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist:

A

Montelukast

69
Q 
what class of drug Produce profound and varied metabolic effects, in addition to modifying the
normal immune response and suppressing inflammation

Decrease inflammatory process in the airway through inhibiting multiple
different inflammatory cytokines.

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

70
Q 
what class of drug is used in the chronic management of reversible airway
disease (asthma); intranasal and ophthalmic corticosteroids are used in the
management of chronic allergic and inflammatory conditions.
A

Inhalant corticosteroids

71
Q

Normal BP is what range

A

less than 120/80

72
Q

elevated blood pressure range is

A

120-129/80

73
Q

elevated blood pressure stage 1 range is

A

130-139 / 80-89

74
Q

elevated blood pressure stage 1 range is

A

greater than 140/90

75
Q

what are the steps care regiment 1

A

life style change

76
Q

what are the steps care regiment 2

A

the Use of 1 medication

Thiazide Diuretic, ACE-I, ARB, or CCB

77
Q

what are the steps care regiment 3

A

Increase dose of drugs or combine two drugs.

78
Q

what are the steps care regiment 4

A

Combine 2-3 of Step 3

79
Q

Consider using ARB instead of an ACE-I in what demographic, why

A

African American

increased risk of angioedema

80
Q 
what class of drug Lower blood pressure by dilating or increasing the size of the arterial blood
vessels.
A

(Angiotensin-converting Enzyme) ACE Inhibitors

ARBs

81
Q

what are examples of ACE-Inhibitors and ARB

A

ACE-I

End in “PRI”

Lisinopril
Captopril
Enalapril
Ramipril

ARB

End in “rtan”

Losartan
Telmisartan

82
Q

Seditive-hypnotics are a class of drugs that cause…

A

A dose dependent depression of the CNS, including sedation, sleep, and unconsciousness with increased dosing

83
Q

Action of Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Cause peripheral vasodilation

84
Q

Use of CCBs

A

Treat HTN and atrial cardiac arrhythmias

85
Q

Two categories of CCB

A

Dihydropyridines - potent vasodilators primarily used for HTN

non-dihydropyridines - less potent but have greater depressive effect on cardiac conduction

86
Q

Examples of CCBs

A

Dihydropyridines -

Nifedipine
Felodipine
Nicardipine
Amlodipine

Non-Dihydropyridines

Verapamil
Diltiazem

87
Q

Use of Beta Blockers

A

Management of hypertension, angina pectoris, tachyarrythmia, CHF, MI, subaortic stenosis

88
Q

Patient management of beta blockers

A

Do not stop abruptly

Consider use for public speaking

89
Q

Examples of Beta Blockers

A

Metoprolol
Propranolol
Atenolol

90
Q

Use of diuretics

A

Hypertension

Open-angle glaucoma

Edema due to CHF

91
Q

Use of hyperlipidemia

A

Reduction of blood lipids in an effort to reduce morbidity and morality of cardiovascular disease

92
Q

Action of antacids

A

Neutralize or reduce the acidity of the stomach

93
Q

Uses of antacids

A 
Heartburn
GERD
Sour stomach
Peptic ulcer
Indigestion
94
Q

Adverse reactions of antacids

A 
Diarrhea 
constipation (aluminum antacids)
95
Q

Examples of antacids

A

Calcium carbonate - Tums

Calcium carbonate/magnesium hydroxide -rolaids

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