Pharmacological Profile Flashcards
classes of psychotherapeutic drugs
Sedatives and Hypnotics
Antianxiety Drugs
Antidepressants
Antipsychotic
CNS Stimulants
antianxiety drugs can be subdivided into
Benzodiazepines
Non- Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazapine Bind to what specific benzodiazepine receptors which enhances the binding of this inhibitory neurotransmitter.
GABA receptor complex,
do Benzodiazepine have analgesic properties.
No
non benzodiazepines antianxiety act on what
the brain’s dopamine and serotonin receptors.
what are counterindications of antianxiety medicaations
Do not use with patients who are
comatose
have pre- existing CNS depression.
uncontrolled severe pain
pregnancy or lactation
what are examples of Benzodiazepines
Alprazolam: Xanax
Diazepam: Valium
Lorazepam: Ativan
what are examples of Non- Benzo
Buspirone hydrochloride: Bu Spar
Hydroxyzine: Atarax
Sertraline (SSRI): May be used long term.
what are the classes of antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Serotonin Reuptake inhibitor/Antagonist
Dopamine/Norepinephrine-Reuptake Inhibitor
what antidepressant class works by Increase levels of norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting their reuptake and blocking the action of acetylcholine.
Tricyclic antidepressants TCA
what antidepressant class works by Inhibits the activity of Monoamine oxidase resulting in increased endogenous neuro-hormones.
MAOI
what antidepressant class works to Increasing serotonin by inhibiting neuronal uptake to CNS.
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SSRI
antidepressant drugs can be used for
Depressive symptoms,
Anxiety
Obsessive Compulsion Disorder,
Smoking cessation: (Bupriopion-wellbutrin
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TCA should be administered within how many days of MAOI
14 days
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how long do antidepressants take to work
4-6 weeks
antidepressants should not be taken with what plant
St. johns wort
what medication Block dopamine receptors in the brain; also alter dopamine release and turnover.
Antipsychotic
antipsychotics are broken into what classifications
“typical” (1st Generation)
“atypical” (2nd Generation)
what classification of antipsychotics have fewer side effects
“atypical” (2nd Generation)
Amphetamines and Anorexiants fall in what drug classification
CNS Stimulants
what drug classification Produce CNS stimulation by increasing levels of neurotransmitters in the CNS.
CNS Stimulants
what drug classification Reduction of excitability of the neurons of the brain
Anticonvulsants
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what drug classification act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to inhibit nausea and vomiting by depressing the sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear.
Anti-emetic
Anti-emetic are used for what
Antiemetic: Prophylaxis or treatment of nausea or vomiting.
Antivertigo: Treatment of vertigo
what drug classification inhibiting transport of ions
across neuronal membranes, thereby preventing initiation and conduction of normal nerve impulses.
Anesthetic
what antagonist medication dissociates the pt from surroundings
ketamine
ketamine usually increases what vitals
BP
HR
Cardiac output (CO)
how does ketamine produce analgesia
excites opioid receptors within the insular cortex, putamen, and thalamus
IM ketamine take anesthetic effect within how many minutes
3 to 4 minutes
Local anesthetics are utilized when
prior to minor painful procedures
Induction of General or Regional Anesthetic
what are adverse reactions of ketamine
increase HR and BP
Prolonged emergence from anesthesia
increases the risk of laryngospasm
what is the dose of ketamine for:
IM pain control
Analgesia
Induction
20-40 mg IM.
10-20mg IV
1-2 mg/kg IV
what is the intravenous (IV) induction drug of choice
Propofol
what are the four types of analgesics
Salicylate
Non-salicylate
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)
Urinary Analgesics
what drug class Inhibition of prostaglandins, dilates peripheral blood vessels (cools body), prolong bleeding by inhibiting aggregation of platelets
Salicylates
an example of Salicylates medication is
aspirin
Analgesic and antipyretic is what type of drug class
Non-Salicylate
what are example non salicylate medication
Acetaminophen
Benzocaine-Menthol
what drug classification works to Inhibit the action of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX-1 & COX-2
(Nonselective) or Cox 2 -Selective) which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)
what are examples of NSAIDS:
Ibuprofen Indomethacin Ketorolac: Naproxen: Celecoxib Meloxicam
what medication class is a topical bladder and urethral anesthetic and analgesic through an unknown mechanism.
Urinary Anesthetic/Analgesic
what is a urinary anesthetic analgesic medication
Phenazopyridine
what class drug class bind to opiate receptors in the CNS, where they act as agonists of endogenously occurring opioid peptides (endorphins). The result is alteration to the perception of and response to pain and is used for the management be to moderate to sever pain
Narcotic Analgesics
what are examples of Narcotic Analgesics medication s
Partial Agonist Codeine Fentanyl Hydromorphone Methadone Morphine sulfate Oxycodone Hydrocodone
what classification of drug is a an opioid antagonist is a receptor antagonist that acts on opioid receptors. and is used for narcotic overdose
Narcotic Antagonist
what is a medication example of Narcotic Antagonist dug
Naloxone
what class of drug is used to treat allergic reactions
H1 antihistamines
what class of drug is used to treat gastric acid conditions
H2 antihistamines
what are examples of 1st generation antihistamines
Diphenhydramine:
Hydroxyzine
Promethazine:
what are examples of 2nd generation antihistamines
Cetirizine HCL
Fexofenadine
Loratadine
what medication class is used to treat Common cold, hay fever or upper respiratory allergies, sinus congestion, and pressure. by reducing swelling of nasal passages and enhancing drainage of sinuses
Decongestant
what are examples of decongestants
Oxymetazoline HCL:
Pseudoephedrine
Phenylephrine
what class of drug Release stimulants and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamine’s.
and is used to Reversible Airway Obstruction caused by bronchospasm due to bronchial asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, and other Obstructive pulmonary disease
Beta² Agonists
what are Beta² Agonists drugs used for
Reversible Airway Obstruction caused by bronchospasm due to bronchial asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, and other Obstructive pulmonary disease.
what are examples of Beta² Agonists drugs
Albuterol sulfate:
Levalbuterol HCL:
what drug classification Antagonizes acetylcholine receptors, producing bronchodilation
Muscarinic Antagonists
what class of drugs is used for Symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Muscarinic Antagonists used for
what class of drug works on Antagonizes acetylcholine receptors, producing bronchodilation.
Muscarinic Antagonists
what Muscarinic Antagonists drugs
Ipratropium
Tiotropium:
what are Broncho constrictive substance released by the body during inflammation.
Leukotriene
what class of drug is used to Inhibit the release of substances that cause bronchoconstriction and inflammation from the mast cells in the respiratory tract
Mast Cell Stabilizer:
what are examples of mast cell stabilizer
Cromolyn
what are examples of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist:
Montelukast
what class of drug Produce profound and varied metabolic effects, in addition to modifying the normal immune response and suppressing inflammation
Decrease inflammatory process in the airway through inhibiting multiple
different inflammatory cytokines.
Inhaled Corticosteroids
what class of drug is used in the chronic management of reversible airway disease (asthma); intranasal and ophthalmic corticosteroids are used in the management of chronic allergic and inflammatory conditions.
Inhalant corticosteroids
Normal BP is what range
less than 120/80
elevated blood pressure range is
120-129/80
elevated blood pressure stage 1 range is
130-139 / 80-89
elevated blood pressure stage 1 range is
greater than 140/90
what are the steps care regiment 1
life style change
what are the steps care regiment 2
the Use of 1 medication
Thiazide Diuretic, ACE-I, ARB, or CCB
what are the steps care regiment 3
Increase dose of drugs or combine two drugs.
what are the steps care regiment 4
Combine 2-3 of Step 3
Consider using ARB instead of an ACE-I in what demographic, why
African American
increased risk of angioedema
what class of drug Lower blood pressure by dilating or increasing the size of the arterial blood vessels.
(Angiotensin-converting Enzyme) ACE Inhibitors
ARBs
what are examples of ACE-Inhibitors and ARB
ACE-I
End in “PRI”
Lisinopril
Captopril
Enalapril
Ramipril
ARB
End in “rtan”
Losartan
Telmisartan
Seditive-hypnotics are a class of drugs that cause…
A dose dependent depression of the CNS, including sedation, sleep, and unconsciousness with increased dosing
Action of Calcium Channel Blockers
Cause peripheral vasodilation
Use of CCBs
Treat HTN and atrial cardiac arrhythmias
Two categories of CCB
Dihydropyridines - potent vasodilators primarily used for HTN
non-dihydropyridines - less potent but have greater depressive effect on cardiac conduction
Examples of CCBs
Dihydropyridines -
Nifedipine
Felodipine
Nicardipine
Amlodipine
Non-Dihydropyridines
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Use of Beta Blockers
Management of hypertension, angina pectoris, tachyarrythmia, CHF, MI, subaortic stenosis
Patient management of beta blockers
Do not stop abruptly
Consider use for public speaking
Examples of Beta Blockers
Metoprolol
Propranolol
Atenolol
Use of diuretics
Hypertension
Open-angle glaucoma
Edema due to CHF
Use of hyperlipidemia
Reduction of blood lipids in an effort to reduce morbidity and morality of cardiovascular disease
Action of antacids
Neutralize or reduce the acidity of the stomach
Uses of antacids
Heartburn GERD Sour stomach Peptic ulcer Indigestion
Adverse reactions of antacids
Diarrhea constipation (aluminum antacids)
Examples of antacids
Calcium carbonate - Tums
Calcium carbonate/magnesium hydroxide -rolaids
