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IDC Stuff > Dental Review > Flashcards

Dental Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are included in the first line of defense in the digestion in the mouth?

A

Teeth
Salivary Amylase
Lingual lipase

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2
Q

What does salivary amylase breakdown?

A

Starch

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3
Q

What does lingual lipase breakdown?

A

Triglycerides into fatty acids

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4
Q

What areas of the mouth are non-keratinized?

A

Cheeks
Soft Palate
Floor of the mouth

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5
Q

What areas are covered by keratinized mucous membrane?

A

Hard palate

Dorsal Tongue

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6
Q

What is the visible region of the tooth above the gums?

A

Crown or coronal

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7
Q

What is region that contains the CEJ and encompasses the junction of the crown and root?

A

Neck or cervical

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8
Q

What does CEJ stand for?

A

Cementumal Enamel Junction

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9
Q

What is the region of the tooth that is embedded in the socket?

A

Root or radicular

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10
Q

What is the hard, white, outer tissue layer that covers the crown?

A

Enamel

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11
Q

The enamel primarily consists of what two materials?

A

Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

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12
Q

What is the tissue that form the majority of the tooth and gives shape and rigidity?

A

Dentin

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13
Q

What is the connective tissue that contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels?

A

Pulp

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14
Q

What does the attachment apparatus consist of?

A

Cementum
Periodontal ligaments
Alveolar process

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15
Q

How many types of teeth are there?

A

4

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16
Q

What are the four types of teeth?

A

Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars

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17
Q

What teeth have a chisel-shape and are for cutting into food?

A

incisors

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18
Q

What teeth have a pointed surface and are used to shred and tear?

A

canine

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19
Q

What teeth have two cusps and are used for crushing and grinding?

A

premolars

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20
Q

What teeth are posterior, multiple cusps and roots, used for crushing and grinding?

A

Molars

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21
Q

What are the most posterior molars referred to as?

A

Wisdom teeth

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22
Q

How many teeth does an adult have?

A

32

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23
Q

Superior right most posterior molar is what number?

A

1

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24
Q

Top-left posterior molar is number?

A

16

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25
Q

The bottom left most posterior molar is numbered?

A

17

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26
Q

The bottom right most posterior molar is number?

A

32

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27
Q

What CN is contained in the maxilla and branches off?

A

CN V, trigeminal

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28
Q

What is the only moveable skull bone?

A

Mandible

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29
Q

What is an IA nerve block?

A

Inferior Alveolar

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30
Q

Mesial refers to what?

A

Towards the midline

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31
Q

Lingual means?

A

toward the tongue

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32
Q

Interproximal means?

A

in between

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33
Q

Occlusal means?

A

biting surface of molar and premolar

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34
Q

Incisal means?

A

biting surface of laterals and canines

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35
Q

What is the long lasting anesthetic preferred for medical evacuations?

A

0.5% Bupivacaine/ Marcaine

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36
Q

What is the half life of bupivacaine?

A

3.5h

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37
Q

What type of block would be near a major nerve trunk and provide a wider area of anesthesia?

A

Regional Block

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38
Q

What are indications for an Inferior Alveolar block?

A

Anesthesia of entire hemi-mandible

Fracture repair, removal of teeth and pain control

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39
Q

What can be performed to reduce the need or reliance of analgesics?

A

Anestheisa

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40
Q

What is the target for an inferior alveolar block?

A

lingula, a small bony bump about halfway back on the inner ramus of the mandible where the inferior alveolar nerve enters the jaw

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41
Q

When giving an IA block the barrel of the syringe should be located where?

A

in the commissure of the mouth opposite of the injection site over the bicuspid

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42
Q

The penetration depth of an IA injection is how far?

A

2-3 cm

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43
Q

What is a tooth concussion and treatment?

A
  • minor injury to supporting structures without abnormal loosening or displacement
  • usually no treatment require
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44
Q

What is subluxation of a tooth?

A

traumatic injury to loosens a tooth in the socket without displacement

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45
Q

Tooth subluxation should be treated how?

A

Gentle manipulation of the tooth into its proper position and splinted

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46
Q

Tooth avulsion is defined as what?

A

traumatic injury that removes tooth from the socket

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47
Q

Treatment of an avulsion is?

A

Rinse tooth with saline, do not scrub

administer nerve block and reimplant

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48
Q

If re-implantation of an avulsion tooth is unsuccessful store in what solutions?

A

isotonic media

  • Hanks solution
  • milk
  • saline
  • patients saliva
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49
Q

What should be done post initial care after a patient has suffered a tooth avulsion?

A

immediate consult to dental

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50
Q

A completely avulsed tooth may be retained if replaced in the socket within what time?

A

30 mins to 1 hour

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51
Q

A tooth fractures is defined as?

A

A portion of the tooth or bones has been cracked or separated from itself

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52
Q

An enamel fracture affects what area?

A

only the enamel is fractured

53
Q

Treatment of an enamel fracture is what?

A

Smoothing edges

54
Q

Dentin fractures are what and are identified how?

A

Fracture of the dentin, exposed w/o dental pulp

sensitivity to cold air and water

55
Q

Treatment of a dentin fractures consist of what?

A

Mild analgesic
Restoration of the tooth with composite or amalgam filling
Referral to the dentist

56
Q

A pulp fracture is considered urgent and identified how?

A

Bleeding from the tooth or mobile

57
Q

Treatment involves what for a pulp fracture

A

root canal

58
Q

Mandibular fractures treatment consists of what actions?

A

Immobilize jaw via Barton bandage and refer to dental

59
Q

Pulpitis is defined as what?

A

inflammation of the dental pulp

60
Q

What causes pulpitis?

A

untreated caries
trauma
multiple restorations

61
Q

The principle symptom of pulpitis is what?

A

pain

62
Q

Treatment of pulpitis includes?

A

Remove decay
restore damage tooth
Root canal (irreversible)

63
Q

What are the pain stimulus for reversible pulpitis?

A

cold
sweets
pressure

64
Q

Pain subsides within what time frame with reversible pulpitis?

A

1-2 seconds

65
Q

Pain occurs how in irreversible pulpitis?

A

spontaneously
lingers for minutes after stimulus
exquisitely sensitive to pressure and percussion

66
Q

What may cause pain to cease for multiple days in irreversible pulpitis?

A

pulpal necrosis

67
Q

A periapical abscess that may elevate the tooth from it’s socket is also known as an?

A

apical abscess

68
Q

infectious sequelae of pulpitis include what?

A

apical periodontitis
periapical abscess
cellulitis
osteomyelitis of the jaw

69
Q

An infected molar at the floor of the mouth may cause what?

A

Ludwig’s angina

70
Q

Treatment of reversible pulpitis is what?

A

caries removal and restoration

71
Q

Irreversible pulpitis treatment consists of?

A 
Root canal (crown post RC) 
extraction
72
Q

This is known as an?

A

Abscess or gum boil

73
Q

What is known as a collection of pus at the apex of a tooth and may affect surrounding tissues including the cheek?

A

Periapical abscess

74
Q

Treatment of a periodontal abscess includes?

A

systemic pain relief
drainage
antibiotics

75
Q

Treatment of a periapical abscess or apical abscess consists of what?

A 
Systemic pain relief
Drainage
Antibiotics
Refer to dental for:
-Root canal
-Extraction (last resort)
76
Q

Gingivitis is described as what? How is it identified?

A

Inflammation of the gingiva (gums)

bleeding, swelling, redness and discomfort

77
Q

The most common cause of gingivitis is what?

A

poor oral hygiene

78
Q

Periodontal pockets contain bacteria that can cause?

A

gingivitis and root caries

79
Q

What play a secondary role in gingivitis?

A

faulty dental restorations and xerostomia (lack of saliva)

80
Q

Chronic gingivitis may evolve into what?

A

periodontitis

81
Q

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is described as?

A

Common
mild
self-limiting
Viral infection of the mouth

82
Q

Prodromal symptoms of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis are

A

fever
cervical lymphadenopathy
malaise

83
Q

What may be seen with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

numerous pin-head vesicles which rupture and ulcer on the perioral skin, lips and oral mucosa

scabbing may present

84
Q

What may be a complaint from the patient with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

severe and painful gingivitis with difficulty eating

85
Q

What is the treatment for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Usually self limiting, heal 7-14 days
Acyclovir 200-800mg x5/day for 7-14 days
Magic mouthwash

86
Q

What is the anesthetic ingredient of magic mouthwash?

A

2% viscous lidocaine

87
Q

Recurrent herpes simplex is defined as what? What may it also be known as?

A

common, self-limiting re-manifestation of of HSV

known as cold sores or fever blisters

88
Q

what are prodromal symptoms of recurrent herpes simplex?

A

pain, burning, or tingling where vesicles develop

89
Q

Treatment of intraoral herpes simplex includes?

A

Topical antiviral AAA

-5% Acyclovir cream

90
Q

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is described as what? What are other names for NUG?

A

common, severe, non-contagious bacterial infection of the gums with sudden onset
trench mouth or Vincent’s Angina

91
Q

What is a main cause of NUG

A

immunosuppression

92
Q

What is a presentation of NUG?

A

punched out appearance and a grey pseudo membrane over papilli

93
Q

What is a treatment of NUG?

A

Gentle debridement

94
Q

Oral candidiasis is defined as what? What is another term?

A

Opportunistic fungal overgrown of the lining of the mouth from yeast/fungus

Thrush

95
Q

What is the treatment for thrush?

A

Fluconazole 100mg x 7 days

96
Q

An aphthous ulcer is known as what?

A

canker sore

97
Q

What will be seen on an exam with a patient with an aphthous ulcer?

A

burning or itching

1/4 to 6mm round yellow-grey ulcer surrounded by erythemic halo

98
Q

Treatment of a canker consists of?

A

Self healing 10-14 days

Topical corticosteroid

99
Q

Temporomandibular Dysfunction is an umbrella term used for

A

Issues with the jaw joint

100
Q

What are some disorders that can be captured under temporomandibular dysfunctions?

A

internal joint derangement
infectious arthritis
condylar hyperplasia

101
Q

Treatment of a temporomandibular dysfunction includes?

A

splinting, NSAIDs, referral to dental

102
Q

Geographic tongue is formally known as?

A

benign migratory glossitis

103
Q

How is geographic tongue described?

A

changing patters of hyperkeratosis and erythema on the dorsum and edges of the tongue

104
Q

What symptoms may be seen with benign migratory glossitis?

A

burning when eating spicy or acidic foods

105
Q

Hairy tongue can be identified by

A

dark, elongated filiform papillae that have been stained by chromeogenic microorganisms

106
Q

Dental caries are also known as

A

cavities

107
Q

Dental carries may form into?

A

Pulpitis

108
Q

Pulpitis from dental caries would present as?

A

Focal erythema, swelling, with possible sinus tract

109
Q

An abscess would be identified by

A

Visible fluctuant swelling
Fistula or sinus tract
Present with “high tooth” (periapical)

110
Q

Pericoronitis from dental caries is treated by

A

operculectomy or extraction

111
Q

Post operative bleeding from a tooth extraction should initially be treated with?

A

Direct pressure

112
Q

Treatment of a dental caries is?

A

Refer to dental for drill and fill

113
Q

The focus of any emergency dental exam should be

A

exam painful area

114
Q

Temporary filling of a cavity may be left in place for?

A

6-10 weeks

115
Q

What is the most common filling of occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth?

A

Silver amalgam

116
Q

Silver amalgam lasts how long on average? If placed with a rubber dam?

A

14 years

>40 years

117
Q

Composite resins that shrink when hardened also respond to what more than other filling materials?

A

heat and cold

118
Q

What provides the same aesthetics as composites without shrinkage and slowly release fluoride into the tooth?

A

Glass ionomers

119
Q

What materials resemble enamel?

A

porcelain or gold inlay or onlay

120
Q

What does IRM stand for?

A

intermediate Restorative Material

121
Q

What are some advantages of using IRM?

A

Contains eugenol to relieve pain

Easy to remove or re-contour

122
Q

A responsibility of the IDC is to?

A

promote oral hygiene through training

123
Q

What are some effects of tobacco on the oral cavity?

A

Yellow intrinsic teeth staining
Xerostomia (lack of saliva)
Vasoconstriction
Throat, mouth and lip cancer

124
Q

What is a major factor leading to higher chance of dental caries?

A

Xerostomia or lack of saliva

125
Q

What is the instruction for tobacco cessation?

A

BUMEDINST 6200.12A

126
Q

Intrinsic staining can result from?

A

necrotic pulp
use of medications
high fevers while teeth are developing

127
Q

Most halitosis can be reversed by what? What time frame?

A

Good oral hygiene

  • flossing
  • mouth rinse
  • sugar-free gum

48hrs

128
Q

If you have a patient with white sores, redness for 2 weeks and wont scrape off. Smoked 1 pack a day for last 20 years. Single white non-tender demarcation. Your treatment plan is to?

A

Refer

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