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IDC Stuff > Dental > Flashcards

Dental Flashcards

1
Q

What are accessory digestive organs that are responsible for mastication or mechanical digestion in the mouth?

A

Teeth

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2
Q

What initiates the breakdown of starches?

A

Salivary amylase

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3
Q

What breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids?

A

Lingual lipase

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4
Q

What are the regions of the tooth?

A

Crown
Neck
Root

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5
Q

What are the tissues of the the tooth?

A

Enamel
Dentin
Pulp

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6
Q

What are the attachment apparatus’?

A

Periodontal ligament
cermentum
alveolar process

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of teeth?

A

Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars

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8
Q

What is another term for canine teeth?

A

Cuspids

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9
Q

What is another term for premolar teeth?

A

Bicuspid

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10
Q

What are the non-keratinized parts of the oral cavity?

A 
Cheeks (buccal)
Lips (labial/facial)
Soft Palate
Ventral/lateral tongue
Arches
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11
Q

What are the areas that are keratinized in the oral cavity?

A

Hard palate
Dorsal Tongue
Gingiva

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12
Q

What structure forms the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

A

Cheeks or buccal

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13
Q

What are the fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth?

A

Lips or labial/facial

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14
Q

What structure is a wall or septum that separates the oral and nasal cavity?

A

Palate or palatal

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15
Q

What is an accessory digestive organ composed of skeletal muscle covered with mucous membrane?

A

Tongue or lingual

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16
Q

What fluids do lingual glands in the lamina propria of the tongue secrete that contain enzyme lingual lipase?

A

mucus and watery serous fluid

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17
Q

What are the two muscular folds that run down the lateral sides of the soft palate?

A 
Palatoglossal arch (Anterior)
Palatopharyngeal arch (posterior)
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18
Q

What structures are positioned between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches?

A

Palatine tonsils

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19
Q

What is the midline fold of tissue that helps anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth and lips to the gingiva?

A

Frenulum

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20
Q

What is the keratinized epithelial tissue that covers the alveolar processes and extend slightly into each socket?

A

Gingiva or gums

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21
Q

What is the triangle of tissue that gingiva form to fill the space between each tooth coronal to the base of the gums?

A

interdental papilla

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22
Q

What is the freely moveable non-keratinized mucosa that connects the freely moveable tissue of the cheecks and lips to the the gingiva?

A

mucogingival junction/fold

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23
Q

What is the visible region of the tooth above the gums?

A

Crown

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24
Q

What is the region of the tooth which encompasses the junction of the crown and root?

A

Neck

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25
Q

The neck contains what structure that is located where enamel and cementum meet?

A

Cementumal Enamel Junction (CEJ)

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26
Q

What is the region of the tooth that is embedded into the socket?

A

Root

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27
Q

What is the tissue of the trooth that covers the crown?

A

Enamel

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28
Q

The enamel is harder than bone and consists primarily of what?

A

Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

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29
Q

The enamel, the hardest substance in the body, protects the tooth from what?

A

wear and tear

acids that dissolve dentin

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30
Q

What is the tissue that forms the majority of the tooth and gives basic shape and rigidity?

A

Dentin

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31
Q

What is the dry weight of the enamel and dentin?

A

95% Enamel

70% Dentin

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32
Q

What is the connective tissue of the tooth located within the pulp cavity and contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels?

A

Pulp

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33
Q

What are the narrow extensions of the pulp called?

A

root canals

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34
Q

What is the opening at the base of each root canal where vessels and nerves extend?

A

apical foramen

35
Q

What do the vessels and nerves of the pulp provide?

A

Blood vessel-nourishment
Lymphatic vessel-protection
nerves-sensation

36
Q

What is the tissue of the attachment apparatus which cover the dentin of the roots that attaches the root to the periodontal ligament?

A

Cementum

37
Q

What are tissues of the attacment apparatus that lines tooth sockets and anchors teeth to the socket walls?

A

Periodontal ligaments

38
Q

What part of the attachment apparatus are innervated and provide proprioception?

A

Periodontal ligaments

39
Q

What is the tissue of the attachment apparatus that is the thickened ridge of bone, contains tooth sockets that hold teeth in the mandible and maxilla?

A

Alveolar process

40
Q

How many roots can be found on a tooth?

A

one (single-rooted)
two (bifurcated)
three (trifurcated)
more than three (multi-rooted)

41
Q

Incisors, a one root tooth, are chisel-shaped and are responsible for action?

A

cutting into food

42
Q

Incisors are referred to what based on their position?

A

Central or lateral incisiors

43
Q

Canine or cuspids, one rooted tooth, have a pointed surface called a cusp and are responsible for what action?

A

tear and shred food

44
Q

Premolars or bicuspids, two cusps/roots, are responsible for what action?

A

crushing and grinding

45
Q

Molars are responsible for what action?

A

crushing and grinding

46
Q

Molars have how many cusps?

A

four to five

47
Q

How many roots do molars have?

A

two to three or more

48
Q

What are the most posterior molars known as?

A

wisdom teeth

49
Q

How many teeth are in the adult mouth?

A

32

50
Q

What is the top-right most posterior molar number?

A

1

51
Q

What is the top-left most posterior molar number?

A

16

52
Q

What is the bottom-left most posterior molar number?

A

17

53
Q

What is the bottom-right most posterior molar number?

A

32

54
Q

What is a fused pair of facial bones that contains the upper teeth, hard plate and V2 branch of CN V?

A

maxilla

55
Q

What is the largest/strongest facial bone that contains the lower teeth and is the only moveable skull bone?

A

Mandible

56
Q

Each ramus has a posterior condyle that articulates with the temporal bone that forms the?

A

Temporal Mandibular Joint (TMJ)

57
Q

What are the nerves of the maxilla and mandible?

A 
Infraorbital (IO)
Maxillary (V2)
-Anterior Superior Alveolar (ASA)
-Middle Superior Alveolar (MSA)
-Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA)
Mandibular (V3)
-Inferior Alveolar (IA)
-Lingual
-Mental
58
Q

What are the salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

59
Q

Which gland secretes saliva into the oral cavity via Stenson’s duct?

A

Parotid gland

60
Q

What gland secretes into Wharton’s duct?

A

Submandibular

61
Q

What is saliva made of?

A
  1. 5% water

0. 5% solutes

62
Q

What are some of the solutes in saliva?

A 
sodium ions
phosphate ions
chloride ions
bicarbonate ions
phosphate ions
63
Q

What are the various organic substances present that mix with saliva?

A 
urea 
uric acid
mucus
immunoglobulin A
bacteriolytic enzyme lysozyme
salivary amylases 
lingual lipase
64
Q

Mesial means?

A

Towards midline

65
Q

Distal means?

A

Away from midline

66
Q

Lingual means?

A

toward tongue

67
Q

Buccal means?

A

toward cheek

68
Q

Facial means?

A

toward face

69
Q

Labial means?

A

toward lips

70
Q

Palatal means?

A

toward palate

71
Q

interproximal means?

A

in between

72
Q

Occlusal means?

A

biting surface of molars and premolars

73
Q

Incisal means?

A

biting surface of laterals and canines

74
Q

What are the medications used as an anesthetic?

A

2% Lidocaine/Xylocaine

0.5% Bupivacaine/Marcaine

75
Q

What is the half life of Lido and Marcaine?

A

Lido-1.6hrs

Marcaine-3.5hrs

76
Q

What are indications for anesthetic application?

A 
Lac repair
Incision and drainage
oral pain management
repositioning/inserting traumatized teeth
teeth extraction
77
Q

What are contraindications of anesthetic use?

A

History of allergy or reaction to local anesthetics
Cardiac compromised patients
Liver or kidney problems
Uncooperative patients

78
Q

What are some potential complications of anesthetic use?

A 
Syncope
Broken needle
Hematoma
Persistent paresthesia
Ischemic ulcer with potential necrosis
Blanching
Tachycardia
Burning sensation
Severed nerve
79
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of anesthetic overdose?

A 
Slurred speech and/or disorientation
Shivering
Twitching, facial muscle tremors
Lightheadedness / dizziness
Visual and/or auditory disturbances
Drowsiness
Hypertension (mild), Hypotension (severe)
Warm / flushed skin
Pleasant dreamlike state
80
Q

What is the equipment needed for anesthetic administration?

A

10mL syringe with Luer-Lok hub OR dental anesthetic aspirating syringe
Anesthetic vial OR 1.8 mL anesthetic cartridge
1 or 1½ inch, 25-30 gauge needle
Topical anesthetic with cotton tip applicator (optional)

81
Q

Local infiltration is the deposition of local anesthetic where?

A

directly at or near small terminal nerve endings in the immediate area of treatment

82
Q

Regional block is the deposition of local anesthetic where?

A

Near a major nerve trunk at a greater distance from the area of treatment
Provides wider area of anesthesia

83
Q

What are examples of regional blocks?

A 
ASA: Anterior Superior Alveolar
MSA: Middle Superior Alveolar
PSA: Posterior Superior Alveolar
IA: Inferior Alveolar
MI: Mental Incisal
84
Q

What are some indications for the inferior alveolar block?

A

Anesthesia of the entire hemi-mandible

Fracture repair, removal of teeth, or pain control

IDC Stuff (67 decks)

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