Prehensile Reactions Flashcards
Cube Grasp and Release: Natal
Grasp: Infant attends visually to object; grasping response is reflexive. There is no voluntary grasp.
Release; There is no voluntary release; the object must be forcibly removed.
Cube Grasp and Release: 5m
Palmar grasp: the thumb is adducted; object is held with the fingers and pressed into the center of the palm
Release: The object is released by the grasping hand and then removed with the other hand.
Cube Grasp and Release: 7m
Radial-palmer grasp: The object is held with the fingers and the thumb is opposed. The radial side of the hand is stronger than the ulnar side. The object is held more toward the thumb with the wrist in neutral position.
Release: The object is grasped and released simultaneously. The object is allowed to drop by supinating the forearm; assistive release is accompanied by holding the object against a surface. The object cannot be released above a surface or into a larger container.
Cube Grasp and Release: 8m
Radial-digital grasp: The thumb is opposed to the fingertips, forms a circle
Release: The release is clumsy when performed above a surface or into a larger container. The wrist is flexed.
Cube Grasp and Release: 3m
Grasp: Infant attends visually to object; ulnar side of the hand and the long finger are strongest. The wrist is flexed.
Release: The release is involuntary
Cube Grasp and Release: 4m
Grasp: The object is retained if it is placed in the hand; the object is squeezed against the body or other hand. The thumb is not involved
Release: There is fingering in the midline of the hand. Release is voluntary.
Cube Grasp and Release: 10m
Three-jaw chuck grasp: The object is held with the thumb and two fingers.
Release: There is clumsy release of the object into a small container. The hand rests on the edge of the container.
Cube Grasp and Release: 12m
Three-jaw chuck grasp: The wrist is extended and deviated to the ulnar side. The thumb is positioned in opposition to the index and long fingers.
Release: There is controlled release of object into a small container. The wrist is extended.
Dowel Grasp and Release: Natal
Grasp: Infant attends visually to object; grasping response is reflexive. There is no voluntary grasp.
Release: There is no voluntary release; the object must be forcibly removed.
Dowel Grasp and Release: 3m
Grasp: Infant attends visually to object; ulnar side of the hand and the long fingers are strongest. The wrist is flexed.
Release: The release is involuntary.
Dowel Grasp and Release: 4m
Grasp: The object is retained if it is placed in the hand; the object is squeezed against the body or other hand. The thumb is not involved.
Release: There is fingering in the midline of the hand. The release is voluntary.
Dowel Grasp and Release: 5m
Palmar grasp: The thumb is adducted; the object is held with the fingers
Release: The object is released by the grasping hand and then removed with the other hand.
Dowel Grasp and Release: 7m
Radial-palmar grasp: The object is held with the fingers and the thumb is opposed. Th radial side of the hand is stronger than the ulnar side. The object is held more toward the thumb with the wrist in neutral position.
Release: The object is grasped and released simultaneously. The object is allowed to drop by supinating the forearm; assistive release is accomplished by holding the object against a surface. The object cannot be released above a surface or into a larger container.
Dowel Grasp and Release: 8m
Radial-digital grasp: The thumb is opposed to the fingertips and forms a circle.
Release: The release is clumsy when performed above a surface or into a large container. The wrist is flexed.
Dowel Grasp and Release: 9m
Radial-digital grasp: The wrist is extended; the radial side of the hand provides the pressure and the thumb is opposed. The digits show finer adjustment.
Release: There is controlled release of the object into a large container. The wrist in in neutral.
Dowel Grasp and Release: 10m
Three-jaw chuck grasp: The object is held with the thumb and two fingers.
Release: There is clumsy release of the object into a small container. The hand rests on the edge of the container.
Dowel Grasp and Release: 12m
Three-jaw chuck grasp: The wrist is extended and deviated to the ulnar side. The thumb is positioned in opposition to the index and long fingers.
Release: There is controlled release of the object into a small container. The wrist is extended.
Pellet Grasp and Release: Natal
Grasp: There is no visual attention or grasp of the object.
Release: Because there is no grasp, there is no release.
Pellet Grasp and Release: 5m
Grasp: The pellet is inspected only; there is no grasp
Release: Because there is no grasp, there is no release.
Pellet Grasp and Release: 6m
Grasp: The fingers are used to rake the pellet; the thumb is adducted at the CMC and flexed at the MCP and IP.
Release: Involuntary release of the pellet begins.
Pellet Grasp and Release: 7m
Inferior-scissors grasp: The pellet is raked into the palm; the thumb is adducted at the CMC and flexed at the MCP and IP. Fingers are held together with PIP and DIP joints flexed.
Release: There is involuntary release of the pellet above a surface. Wrist is flexed.
Pellet Grasp and Release: 8m
Scissors grasp: The pellet is held between the thumb and the side of the curled index finger of the same hand. The MCP of the thumb is extended and the IP is slightly flexed.
Release: There is clumsy release of the pellet above a surface with no voluntary release into a large container. Pellet is not transferred to the opposite hand.
Pellet Grasp and Release: 9m
Inferior-pincer grasp: Pellet is held between the ventral surfaces of the thumb and index. IP joint of thumb is extended, and opposition of CMC begins.
Release: There s clumsy release of the pellet into a large container. The wrist is in neutral and there is transfer of the pellet between hands.
Pellet Grasp and Release: 10m
Pincer grasp: The pellet is held between the distal pads of the thumb and index. The CMC of the thumb is opposed and IP is slightly flexed.
Release: There is controlled release of the pellet into a large container.
Pellet Grasp and Release: 12m
Fine-pincer grasp: The pellet is held between distal pads of the thumb and index. The IP of the thumb is more flexed.
Release: The pellet cannot be released into a small container.
Pellet Grasp and Release: 15m
Fine-pincer grasp: There will be no finer adjustments that those described at 12m.
Release: There is controlled and precise release into a small container. The wrist is extended.
Palmar-Supinate Grasp
Age: 1-1 1/2 y
Position: The fingers are flexed to a fist position. The wrist is slightly flexed, and the forearm is supinated from the midline. The arm moves as a unit.
Digital-Pronate Grasp
Age: 2-3y
Position: The object is held with the fingers. The wrist is in neutral but slightly ulnarly deviated. The forearm is pronated and moves as a unit.
Static-Tripod Posture
Age: 3 1/2 - 4
Position: There is crude opposition of the thumb with index and middle fingers. The ring and small fingers are slightly flexed. The hand moves as a unit but there are continual adjustments of the proximal grasp by the other hand.
Dynamic-Tripod Posture
Age: 4 1/2 - 6
Position: There is precise opposition of the distal phalanx of the thumb with the distal phalanges of the index and middle fingers. The ring and small fingers are slightly flexed, and the wrist is slightly extended. The object is distally grasped.
Palmar Grasp
This grasp allows for a powerful grip. The object is held close to the digits or away from the digits.
Digitopalmar Opposition
Similar to palmar grasp. The digits come in contact with the object well in the palm of the hand; the thumb is not involved in this grasp.
Grasp Between Two Fingers
The object is held between the sides of two fingers; the thumb is not involved.
This grasp is sometimes referred to as the lobster grasp or adduction grip.
Subterino-Lateral Opposition
This grasp is a strong one where the object is held between the thumb and the radial side of the index finger.
Tripod Grasp
This grasp is one that is frequently used; it allows one to hold and manipulate objects with precision. The thumb, index, and middle finger may be involved in the grasp.
It is sometimes referred to as the 3 jaw chuck grasp.
Pincer Grasp
The grasp is used to hold and manipulate very small objects such as needles; this makes it the most precise grasp.
Also referred to as tip prehension or tip to tip.
Cube Grasp and Release: 9m
Radial-digital grasp: The wrist is extended; the radial side of the hand provides the pressure and the thumb is opposed. The digits show finer adjustment.
Release: There is controlled release of objects into a large container. The wrist is in neutral.
