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Mental Health & Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

A

Mood disorder characterized by:
- persistent low mood
- anhedonia
- changes in sleeping and appetite
- decreased energy
- feelings of hopelessness

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2
Q

Bipolar disorders

A

Mood condition that manifests as manic, depressive, or mixed episodes:
- type I: primarily manic
- type II: primarily depressive

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3
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

Less severe form of bipolar disorder

Duration of symptoms does not meet the criteria of major manic or depressive disorders

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4
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Psychotic though disorder with altered sense of reality, symptoms may include:
- hallucinations and delusions
- disturbance in thinking and behavior
- emotional blunting, social isolation, and cognitive changes

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5
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Emotional condition characterized by an abnormal reaction, overwhelming fear, and uncontrollable thoughts resulting in a physiological response impacting daily function

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6
Q

Personality disorders

A

Psychological condition that may be characterized by:
- disturbance of personality traits
- behaviors inconsistent with societal norms and expectations
- problems with interpersonal relationships

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7
Q

Addiction

A

Condition impacting personal, social, and occupational functioning with physical or uncontrollable dependence on a substance or behavior

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8
Q

Eating disorders

A

Serious emotional and physical disorders including extreme preoccupation with food, body image, and weight

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9
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Characterized by fear of gaining weight and inability to maintain adequate nutritional intake due to distorted perception of body weight and body image

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10
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Characterized by fear of gaining weight and binge eating followed by purging secondary to excessive concern about body weight

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11
Q

Binge eating disorder

A

Characterized by excessive intake and weight gain and is a maladaptive coping mechanism to deal with stress, anxiety, or depression

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12
Q

Hallucination

A

Perceived sensory experiences without an actual stimulus
May be associated with psychosis, schizophrenia, or brain injury

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13
Q

Delusion

A

False and unfounded belief contrary to the reality of the situation or environment
May be associated with schizophrenia

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14
Q

Substance use disorder

A

Condition in which an individual is reliant on the use of substances for non-medical purpose
May lead to physical and psychological addiction

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15
Q

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A

Congenital birth defect secondary to gestation exposure to alcohol resulting in mild to severe impairment in one or more of the following areas of development:
- physical
- cognitive
- social
- behavior

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16
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease: moderate stage

A

Associated with:
- increased memory loss and confusion
- impulsive behavior
- difficulty in completing daily activities
- poor problem solving and judgement
- may experience hallucination, delusions, and paranoia

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17
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease: severe stage

A

Associated with:
- inability to communicate
- dependent in ADL
- dysphagia and increased risk of aspiration
- incontinence

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18
Q

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

Neurobehavioral disorder characterized by:
- inattention
- restlessness
- impulsivity
- emotional dysregulation
- sensory processing
- social immaturity

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19
Q

Obsession

A

Persistent, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts that create feelings of urgency and anxiety

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20
Q

Compulsion

A

Repetitive behaviors performed in response to obsessive thoughts used to minimize anxiety

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21
Q

Depersonalization

A

Dissociative disorder characterized by:
- retreated into a dreamy world with unrealistic feelings
- impaired self-awareness
- disconnecting from the physical being

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22
Q

Splitting

A

Strain between therapist-client relationship and/or interprofessional team where staff response to manipulative behaviors of a client include:
- blurring professional boundaries
- creating team division

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23
Q

Affective instability

A

Emotional state commonly seen in BPD, characterized by rapid mood swings usually between negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, and depression

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24
Q

Self-mutilation

A

Maladaptive coping mechanism to express feelings, includes intentional act of self-injurious behaviors

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25
Q

Emotional lability

A

A neurobehavioral impairment characterized by a rapid change in mood that is often disproportionate to the circumstance or the expected emtion

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26
Q

Apathy

A

Lack of interest in purposeful activities
Associated with impairment in the prefrontal cortex

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27
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Most common form of dementia characterized by a decline in memory, thinking, and performance skills
3 stages: mild, moderate, severe

28
Q

Attachment, self-regulation, and competence (ARC): self-regulation

A

The second domain of a complex trauma treatment approach that includes:
- establishing calming strategies
- improving tolerance for emotional and physiological experiences
- facilitating body awareness techniques

29
Q

Attachment, self-regulation, and competence (ARC): attachment

A

The first domain of a complex trauma treatment approach that includes:
- guiding caregivers through their emotional states
- trauma-informed education
- building child-caregiver relationships

30
Q

Proximal stressors

A

Internal psychological distresses that result from prejudiced events and tax one’s physical and mental health

31
Q

Attachment, self-regulation, and competence (ARC): competence

A

The third domain of a complex trauma treatment approach that includes:
- equipping youth with decision-making skills
- ID of their own strengths
recognition of resiliency

32
Q

Toxic stress

A

A physiological or biological effect to responding to adversity over a prolonged period of time

33
Q

Insecure atachment

A

Results when a child does not consistently receive basic care, safety, support, and guidance from an invested adult

34
Q

Coactional relationship

A

A dynamic relationship between client and practitioner who support the client through their trauma; both individuals’ reactions and responses have consequences to the relationship

35
Q

Psychotropic medications

A

Medications used to treat psychiatric conditions
- act on neurotransmitter at the synaptic junctions
- intended to influence behavior change

36
Q

Antipsychotic medications

A

Medications used to treat psychotic symptoms such as mania, agitation, hallucinations, and delusions

37
Q

Pruning

A

Process in the brain and nervous system that eliminates extraneous neurons, axons, and synapses based on the child’s experiences and interaction to allow room for refined neural pathways to be created

38
Q

Fear ciruitry

A

A result of hyperresponsiveness in children who experience high levels of stress due to environmental hardships or trauma, which activates fight or flight response

May cause:
- low self-efficacy
- cognition delays
- executive function impairment

39
Q

Delirium

A

A temporary acute decline in mental status

40
Q

Prevention strategies for delirium

A

Early mobilization
Mindfulness techniques
Reorientation
Normalized sleep-wake cycles
Activity-based interventions

41
Q

Corrective recapitulation

A

A technique used in group settings to promote positive interactions by identifying maladaptive patterns used in prior relationship and assisting with the development of healthy interactions

42
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Much less common
Manic –depressive disorder
Bipolar I-typical
Bipolar II-not as manic
Cyclothymic-both milder
Substance related
Disease related

Symptoms:
- Distractibility
- Impulsivity
- Grandiosity
- Flight of ideas
- Activity increase
- Sleep deficit
- Talkativeness

43
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Feelings of excessive worry about events, activities, and situation

44
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Unwanted recurring thoughts and compulsive, repetitive behaviors

45
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder

A

Extreme anxiety and distress symptoms due to being exposed to a traumatic event

46
Q

Panic disorder

A

Intense and recurring panic attacks that occur unexpectedly

47
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Feelings of extreme anxiety in social situations

48
Q

Delirium

A

Begins suddenly and develops quickly
Defined starting point
Temporary and reversible
Difficulty paying attention
Caused slowed and slurred speech

49
Q

Cluster A personality disorder

A
  • paranoid
  • schizoid
  • schitotypal
50
Q

Cluster B personality disorder

A
  • antisocial
  • borderline
  • histrionic
  • narcissistic
51
Q

Cluster c personality disorder

A
  • dependent
  • avoidant
  • obsessive-compulsive
52
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A

Excessive distrust and suspiciousness of others; pathologically jealous; interprets actions as demeaning, malevolent, threatening, or exploitative; ideas of reference (believes coincidences or innocuous events have strong personal significance)

53
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A

detachment from social interactions without a desire for close interpersonal relationships; restricted affect

54
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

Eccentric beliefs without frank delusions; cognitive and perceptual disturbances; impaired social interactions

55
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Lack of empathy, with disregard for rights of others; deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility

56
Q

Borderline personality disorders

A

Unstable self-image; chronic feelings of emptiness; instability of interpersonal relationships; affective instability; self-harm behavior; hypersensitivity to rejection and fear of abandonment

57
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A

Excessive attention seeking behavior and emotionality; often excessively impressionistic and shallow

58
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A

Need for admiration; grandiosity in speech and behavior; lack of empathy for others, interpersonally exploitative; arrogant and haughty

59
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A

Inability of extreme difficulty making own decisions; overly reliant on others; submissiveness; feelings of inadequacy; avoidance of confrontation

60
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A

Feelings of inadequacy; hypersensitivity to rejection; social inhibition despite a desire to form close interpersonal relationships

61
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A

Preoccupation with details and rules; excessive organization; perfectionism, orderliness, miserliness; rigidity and stubbornness

62
Q

Panic disorders

A

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, fear and anxiety
1 attack within the previous month, with at least one month of
- Worry
- Additional panic attacks
- “Heart attack” or “going crazy”
- Avoiding behavior

63
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Not just a fear of leaving the house, but also comes with excessive anxiety and panic
- Public transportation
- Open spaces
- Enclosed spaces
- Crowds
- Alone outside of the home

64
Q

Separation Anxiety

A

6 months in adults, 4 months in children
At least 3 of the following symptoms:
- Anxiety about the possibility of separation
- Wish to stay close for fear of death
- Worry that some thing bad is going to happen to them to keep them from the other person
- Refusal to go out alone
- Excessive fear of being home alone
- Refusal to spend the night away
- Recurring nightmares of separation
- Physical reactions to being separated-hysteria, vomiting, shaking

65
Q
A

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