Mental Health & Psych Flashcards
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
Mood disorder characterized by:
- persistent low mood
- anhedonia
- changes in sleeping and appetite
- decreased energy
- feelings of hopelessness
Bipolar disorders
Mood condition that manifests as manic, depressive, or mixed episodes:
- type I: primarily manic
- type II: primarily depressive
Cyclothymic disorder
Less severe form of bipolar disorder
Duration of symptoms does not meet the criteria of major manic or depressive disorders
Schizophrenia
Psychotic though disorder with altered sense of reality, symptoms may include:
- hallucinations and delusions
- disturbance in thinking and behavior
- emotional blunting, social isolation, and cognitive changes
Anxiety disorders
Emotional condition characterized by an abnormal reaction, overwhelming fear, and uncontrollable thoughts resulting in a physiological response impacting daily function
Personality disorders
Psychological condition that may be characterized by:
- disturbance of personality traits
- behaviors inconsistent with societal norms and expectations
- problems with interpersonal relationships
Addiction
Condition impacting personal, social, and occupational functioning with physical or uncontrollable dependence on a substance or behavior
Eating disorders
Serious emotional and physical disorders including extreme preoccupation with food, body image, and weight
Anorexia nervosa
Characterized by fear of gaining weight and inability to maintain adequate nutritional intake due to distorted perception of body weight and body image
Bulimia nervosa
Characterized by fear of gaining weight and binge eating followed by purging secondary to excessive concern about body weight
Binge eating disorder
Characterized by excessive intake and weight gain and is a maladaptive coping mechanism to deal with stress, anxiety, or depression
Hallucination
Perceived sensory experiences without an actual stimulus
May be associated with psychosis, schizophrenia, or brain injury
Delusion
False and unfounded belief contrary to the reality of the situation or environment
May be associated with schizophrenia
Substance use disorder
Condition in which an individual is reliant on the use of substances for non-medical purpose
May lead to physical and psychological addiction
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Congenital birth defect secondary to gestation exposure to alcohol resulting in mild to severe impairment in one or more of the following areas of development:
- physical
- cognitive
- social
- behavior
Alzheimer’s Disease: moderate stage
Associated with:
- increased memory loss and confusion
- impulsive behavior
- difficulty in completing daily activities
- poor problem solving and judgement
- may experience hallucination, delusions, and paranoia
Alzheimer’s Disease: severe stage
Associated with:
- inability to communicate
- dependent in ADL
- dysphagia and increased risk of aspiration
- incontinence
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Neurobehavioral disorder characterized by:
- inattention
- restlessness
- impulsivity
- emotional dysregulation
- sensory processing
- social immaturity
Obsession
Persistent, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts that create feelings of urgency and anxiety
Compulsion
Repetitive behaviors performed in response to obsessive thoughts used to minimize anxiety
Depersonalization
Dissociative disorder characterized by:
- retreated into a dreamy world with unrealistic feelings
- impaired self-awareness
- disconnecting from the physical being
Splitting
Strain between therapist-client relationship and/or interprofessional team where staff response to manipulative behaviors of a client include:
- blurring professional boundaries
- creating team division
Affective instability
Emotional state commonly seen in BPD, characterized by rapid mood swings usually between negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, and depression
Self-mutilation
Maladaptive coping mechanism to express feelings, includes intentional act of self-injurious behaviors
Emotional lability
A neurobehavioral impairment characterized by a rapid change in mood that is often disproportionate to the circumstance or the expected emtion
Apathy
Lack of interest in purposeful activities
Associated with impairment in the prefrontal cortex
Alzheimer’s disease
Most common form of dementia characterized by a decline in memory, thinking, and performance skills
3 stages: mild, moderate, severe
Attachment, self-regulation, and competence (ARC): self-regulation
The second domain of a complex trauma treatment approach that includes:
- establishing calming strategies
- improving tolerance for emotional and physiological experiences
- facilitating body awareness techniques
Attachment, self-regulation, and competence (ARC): attachment
The first domain of a complex trauma treatment approach that includes:
- guiding caregivers through their emotional states
- trauma-informed education
- building child-caregiver relationships
Proximal stressors
Internal psychological distresses that result from prejudiced events and tax one’s physical and mental health
Attachment, self-regulation, and competence (ARC): competence
The third domain of a complex trauma treatment approach that includes:
- equipping youth with decision-making skills
- ID of their own strengths
recognition of resiliency
Toxic stress
A physiological or biological effect to responding to adversity over a prolonged period of time
Insecure atachment
Results when a child does not consistently receive basic care, safety, support, and guidance from an invested adult
Coactional relationship
A dynamic relationship between client and practitioner who support the client through their trauma; both individuals’ reactions and responses have consequences to the relationship
Psychotropic medications
Medications used to treat psychiatric conditions
- act on neurotransmitter at the synaptic junctions
- intended to influence behavior change
Antipsychotic medications
Medications used to treat psychotic symptoms such as mania, agitation, hallucinations, and delusions
Pruning
Process in the brain and nervous system that eliminates extraneous neurons, axons, and synapses based on the child’s experiences and interaction to allow room for refined neural pathways to be created
Fear ciruitry
A result of hyperresponsiveness in children who experience high levels of stress due to environmental hardships or trauma, which activates fight or flight response
May cause:
- low self-efficacy
- cognition delays
- executive function impairment
Delirium
A temporary acute decline in mental status
Prevention strategies for delirium
Early mobilization
Mindfulness techniques
Reorientation
Normalized sleep-wake cycles
Activity-based interventions
Corrective recapitulation
A technique used in group settings to promote positive interactions by identifying maladaptive patterns used in prior relationship and assisting with the development of healthy interactions
Bipolar Disorder
Much less common
Manic –depressive disorder
Bipolar I-typical
Bipolar II-not as manic
Cyclothymic-both milder
Substance related
Disease related
Symptoms:
- Distractibility
- Impulsivity
- Grandiosity
- Flight of ideas
- Activity increase
- Sleep deficit
- Talkativeness
Generalized anxiety disorder
Feelings of excessive worry about events, activities, and situation
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Unwanted recurring thoughts and compulsive, repetitive behaviors
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Extreme anxiety and distress symptoms due to being exposed to a traumatic event
Panic disorder
Intense and recurring panic attacks that occur unexpectedly
Social anxiety disorder
Feelings of extreme anxiety in social situations
Delirium
Begins suddenly and develops quickly
Defined starting point
Temporary and reversible
Difficulty paying attention
Caused slowed and slurred speech
Cluster A personality disorder
- paranoid
- schizoid
- schitotypal
Cluster B personality disorder
- antisocial
- borderline
- histrionic
- narcissistic
Cluster c personality disorder
- dependent
- avoidant
- obsessive-compulsive
Paranoid personality disorder
Excessive distrust and suspiciousness of others; pathologically jealous; interprets actions as demeaning, malevolent, threatening, or exploitative; ideas of reference (believes coincidences or innocuous events have strong personal significance)
Schizoid personality disorder
detachment from social interactions without a desire for close interpersonal relationships; restricted affect
Schizotypal personality disorder
Eccentric beliefs without frank delusions; cognitive and perceptual disturbances; impaired social interactions
Antisocial personality disorder
Lack of empathy, with disregard for rights of others; deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility
Borderline personality disorders
Unstable self-image; chronic feelings of emptiness; instability of interpersonal relationships; affective instability; self-harm behavior; hypersensitivity to rejection and fear of abandonment
Histrionic personality disorder
Excessive attention seeking behavior and emotionality; often excessively impressionistic and shallow
Narcissistic personality disorder
Need for admiration; grandiosity in speech and behavior; lack of empathy for others, interpersonally exploitative; arrogant and haughty
Dependent personality disorder
Inability of extreme difficulty making own decisions; overly reliant on others; submissiveness; feelings of inadequacy; avoidance of confrontation
Avoidant personality disorder
Feelings of inadequacy; hypersensitivity to rejection; social inhibition despite a desire to form close interpersonal relationships
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Preoccupation with details and rules; excessive organization; perfectionism, orderliness, miserliness; rigidity and stubbornness
Panic disorders
Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, fear and anxiety
1 attack within the previous month, with at least one month of
- Worry
- Additional panic attacks
- “Heart attack” or “going crazy”
- Avoiding behavior
Agoraphobia
Not just a fear of leaving the house, but also comes with excessive anxiety and panic
- Public transportation
- Open spaces
- Enclosed spaces
- Crowds
- Alone outside of the home
Separation Anxiety
6 months in adults, 4 months in children
At least 3 of the following symptoms:
- Anxiety about the possibility of separation
- Wish to stay close for fear of death
- Worry that some thing bad is going to happen to them to keep them from the other person
- Refusal to go out alone
- Excessive fear of being home alone
- Refusal to spend the night away
- Recurring nightmares of separation
- Physical reactions to being separated-hysteria, vomiting, shaking
