Physical Conditions Flashcards
Arthrodesis
Surgical procedure used to fuse a joint
Compression fx
Vertebral collapse typically associated with:
- decreased bone density
- trauma from vertical force
- spinal tumors
- infection
Lordosis
Excessive anterior curvature of the spine
Kyphosis
Excessive posterior curvature of the spine
Spondylosis
Degenerative process in the spine and typically associated with OA
Symptoms may include:
- pain
- neurological changes
- motor impairment
Spinal stenosis
Narrowing of intervertebral foramen often compressing the nerve as it exits the spinal column
Symptoms may include:
- pain
- parethesia
- muscle weakness
- sensory changes
Claw-hand deformity
Hand deformity secondary to an ulnar nerve injury
Presents with atrophy of the hypothenar eminence and hyperextension of the MCP joints and flexion of the IP joints of the 4th and 5th digits
Intervention includes orthotic positioning to prevent overstretching of the intrinsic muscles by restricting MCP joint hyperextension
Torticollis
Dystonic disorder that can be congenital or acquired
Defined by abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position
Intervention includes: ROM, positioning, environmental adaptations
Macular degeneration
Progressive age-related visual condition characterized by:
- atrophy of the macula (posterior retina)
- decrease in central visual acuity
- blurry, distorted, or low vision
Intervention may include:
- magnification devices
- lighting recommendations
- color and contrast enhancements
- visual skills training
Myasthenia gravis
Autoimmune motor unit disorder characterized by:
- ptosis and double vision
- possible difficulty with chewing, swallowing, and speech
- weakness and fatigue that increases throughout the day
Intervention may include:
- energy conservation and work simplification education
- sleep hygiene strategies
- recommendation of adapted and assistive devices
- activity modification
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Pulmonary condition associated with limited airflow from the lungs, characterized by:
- difficulty breathing
- shortness of breath during activities
- dyspnea and fatigue that influence occupational performance
- persistent cough
- includes emphysema and chronic bronchitits
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath due to impaired breathing in response to activity or at rest, may require:
- medical attention
- modification to activity demands
- instruction in breathing techniques
- dyspnea control postures
Orthopnea
SOB due to impaired breathing when lying supine
Cerebral palsy (CP)
Neurological condition caused by a brain injury or malformation that occurs while the brain is developing.
Characterized by:
- body movements and GM skills
- muscle control and tone
- muscle coordination and FM skills
- reflexes, posture, and balance
- oral motor functioning
Myocardial infarction
Emergency medical condition characterized by blocked flow of blood to the heart
Expected functional outcome of SCI level C1-C3
Ventilator dependent
Total physical assistance for BADL and ADL
Able to direct care needs
Expected functional outcome of SCI level C4
Initially vent dependent; progress to breathing independently with reduced vital capacity
Total physical assistance for BADL and ADL
Able to direct care needs
Power chair with adaptations for independence in mobility
Total assistance for bed mobility and tranfers
Expected functional outcome of SCI level C5
Independent respiratory function with reduced vital capacity; may need assistance for a productive cough
Total assistance for bowel and bladder management
Independent self-feeding with adaptive devices
Assistance for grooming with adaptive devices
Total assistance for bathing
Expected functional outcome of SCI level C6
Independent respiratory function with reduced vital capacity; may need assistance for a productive cough
Minimal to total assistance for bowel and bladder management with adaptive devices
Some assistance for BADLs
May need some assistance for outdoor w/c propulsion in manual w/c
May need assistance with t/f and bed mobility with adaptive devices
Total assistance for standing
Expected functional outcome of SCI level C7-T1
Independent respiratory function
Assistance for bowel management
Modified independence for BADLs
Some assistance for standing
Modified independence for bed mobility and t/f
Independent driving with modifications
Expected functional outcome of SCI level T2-T12
Ind - mod I for BADLs
Mod I for bowel/bladder management
Mod I for bed mobility, t/f, and standing
Ind w/c mobility
Pulmonary embolism
Potentially fatal condition resulting when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks arterial circulations
May be asymptomatic or experience:
- sudden dyspnea
- sharp chest pain
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- profuse sweating
- anxiety
Expected functional outcome of SCI level L1-L5
Ind ADLs and bed mobility
Ambulate with assistive devices
May use w/c for distance; Ind with loading/unloading from vehicle
Ind driving with hand controls
Stage 2 pressure ulcer
Characterized by:
- partial thickness skin loss
- exposed dermis
- open wound that looks like a scrape, blister, or tear
- client reports pain and tenderness
- warm to touch
- localized edema