MMT and ROM Flashcards
Muscle grade 5/5
Normal
Full ROM against gravity and max resistance
Muscle grade 4/5
Good
Full ROM against gravity and mod resistance
Muscle grade 3/5
Fair
Movement is noted against gravity
Score may range from:
- fair (-): incomplete ROM against gravity
- fair: full ROM against gravity with no resistance
- fair (+): full ROM against gravity with slight resistance
Muscle grade 2/5
Poor
Movement is noted only in gravity-minimized plane
Score may range from:
- poor (-): able to initiate movement in gravity-minimized plane
- poor: incomplete ROM in gravity-minimized plane
- poor (+): complete ROM in gravity-minimized plane
Muscle grade 0/5
No active movement noted
No muscle contraction observed or palpated
ROM plantar flexion
0-50º
ROM dorsiflexion
0-15º
ROM inversion
0-35º
ROM eversion
0-20º
ROM knee flexion
0-135º
ROM hip flexion
0-120º
ROM hip extension
0-30º
ROM hip abduction
0-40º
ROM hip adduction
0-35º
ROM hip internal rotation
0-45º
ROM hip external rotation
0-45º
ROM MP flexion
0-90º
ROM MP hyperextension
0-15-45º
ROM PIP flexion
0-110º
ROM DIP flexion
0-80º
ROM finger abduction
0-25º
Muscle grade 1/5
Trace
No active movement noted, but muscle contraction is observed or palpated
ROM thumb MP flexion
0-90º
ROM thumb IP flexion
0-80/90º
ROM thumb abduction
0-50º
ROM wrist flexion
0-80º
ROM wrist extension
0-70º
ROM ulnar deviation
0-30º
ROM radial deviation
0-20º
ROM elbow flexion
0-135/150º
ROM supination
0-80/90º
ROM pronation
0-80/90º
ROM shoulder flexion
0-170º
ROM shoulder extension
0-60º
ROM shoulder horizontal abduction
0-40º
ROM shoulder adduction
0-130º
ROM shoulder internal rotation
0-70º
ROM shoulder external rotation
0-90º
ROM thoracic/lumbar spine flexion
0-80º
ROM thoracic/lumbar spine extension
0-30º
ROM thoracic/lumbar spine lateral flexion
0-40º
ROM thoracic/lumbar spine rotation
0-45º
ROM cervical spine flexion
0-45º
ROM cervical spine extension
0-45º
ROM cervical spine lateral flexion
0-45º
ROM cervical spine rotation
0-60º
Types of muscle contraction
Isometric
Isotonic
- Concentric
- Eccentric
Types of pinch tests
Tip pincer or 2-point pinch or precision pinch – pinch like a crab; index and thumb
pincer – buttons
Lateral pinch or key pinch (power pinch) – between fist and thumb
2 point pinch or 3 jaw chuck – make a fist, stick index and middle finger out and pinch
What is tone?
Normal tone is the natural state of ready of any given muscle
CNS disorders only.
It is not the same as strength
The firm feeling of a muscle
Tension of a muscle at rest
Types of tone
Normal
Hypertonic
- Increase in tone that results in resistance during passive stretch
Spasticity (sometimes just considered hypertonic)
- Resistance to stretch occurs in the first 1/3 of the range
Rigidity
- Resistance throughout the range, preventing movement
- Extreme hypertonicity
Hypotonic
- Low tone, muscle is “floppy”, not firm to touch
Flaccid
- No tone at all
How can we increase or decrease tone?
Increase:
- proprioceptive input
- crawling on all fours
- jumping
- ice
- tickle or light touch
- unstable
Decrease:
- slow rocking
- heat
- deep pressure
- weighted vest
- stable
How do we assess tone using the Ashworth scale?
0 = normal tone
1 = slight increase in tone, “catch” but able to go through full ROM
1+ = slight increase in tone, “catch” at ½ mark or more
2 = significant increase in tone, but still able to go through full ROM
3 = considerable increase, ROM is compromised or very difficult
4 = limb is rigid, little to no ROM
