MMT and ROM Flashcards by Brooke Glaser

Muscle grade 5/5

Normal
Full ROM against gravity and max resistance

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Muscle grade 4/5

Good
Full ROM against gravity and mod resistance

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Muscle grade 3/5

Fair
Movement is noted against gravity

Score may range from:
- fair (-): incomplete ROM against gravity
- fair: full ROM against gravity with no resistance
- fair (+): full ROM against gravity with slight resistance

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Muscle grade 2/5

Poor
Movement is noted only in gravity-minimized plane

Score may range from:
- poor (-): able to initiate movement in gravity-minimized plane
- poor: incomplete ROM in gravity-minimized plane
- poor (+): complete ROM in gravity-minimized plane

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Muscle grade 0/5

No active movement noted
No muscle contraction observed or palpated

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ROM plantar flexion

0-50º

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ROM dorsiflexion

0-15º

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ROM inversion

0-35º

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ROM eversion

0-20º

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ROM knee flexion

0-135º

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ROM hip flexion

0-120º

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ROM hip extension

0-30º

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ROM hip abduction

0-40º

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ROM hip adduction

0-35º

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ROM hip internal rotation

0-45º

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ROM hip external rotation

0-45º

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ROM MP flexion

0-90º

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ROM MP hyperextension

0-15-45º

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ROM PIP flexion

0-110º

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ROM DIP flexion

0-80º

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ROM finger abduction

0-25º

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Muscle grade 1/5

Trace
No active movement noted, but muscle contraction is observed or palpated

ROM thumb MP flexion

0-90º

ROM thumb IP flexion

0-80/90º

ROM thumb abduction

0-50º

ROM wrist flexion

0-80º

ROM wrist extension

0-70º

ROM ulnar deviation

0-30º

ROM radial deviation

0-20º

ROM elbow flexion

0-135/150º

ROM supination

0-80/90º

ROM pronation

0-80/90º

ROM shoulder flexion

0-170º

ROM shoulder extension

0-60º

ROM shoulder horizontal abduction

0-40º

ROM shoulder adduction

0-130º

ROM shoulder internal rotation

0-70º

ROM shoulder external rotation

0-90º

ROM thoracic/lumbar spine flexion

0-80º

ROM thoracic/lumbar spine extension

0-30º

ROM thoracic/lumbar spine lateral flexion

0-40º

ROM thoracic/lumbar spine rotation

0-45º

ROM cervical spine flexion

0-45º

ROM cervical spine extension

0-45º

ROM cervical spine lateral flexion

0-45º

ROM cervical spine rotation

0-60º

Types of muscle contraction

Isometric Isotonic - Concentric - Eccentric

Types of pinch tests

Tip pincer or 2-point pinch or precision pinch – pinch like a crab; index and thumb pincer – buttons Lateral pinch or key pinch (power pinch) – between fist and thumb 2 point pinch or 3 jaw chuck – make a fist, stick index and middle finger out and pinch

What is tone?

Normal tone is the natural state of ready of any given muscle CNS disorders only. It is not the same as strength The firm feeling of a muscle Tension of a muscle at rest

Types of tone

Normal Hypertonic - Increase in tone that results in resistance during passive stretch Spasticity (sometimes just considered hypertonic) - Resistance to stretch occurs in the first 1/3 of the range Rigidity - Resistance throughout the range, preventing movement - Extreme hypertonicity Hypotonic - Low tone, muscle is “floppy”, not firm to touch Flaccid - No tone at all

How can we increase or decrease tone?

Increase: - proprioceptive input - crawling on all fours - jumping - ice - tickle or light touch - unstable Decrease: - slow rocking - heat - deep pressure - weighted vest - stable

How do we assess tone using the Ashworth scale?

0 = normal tone 1 = slight increase in tone, “catch” but able to go through full ROM 1+ = slight increase in tone, “catch” at ½ mark or more 2 = significant increase in tone, but still able to go through full ROM 3 = considerable increase, ROM is compromised or very difficult 4 = limb is rigid, little to no ROM