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Boards > Amputation/Prosthetics & Orthotics > Flashcards

Amputation/Prosthetics & Orthotics Flashcards

1
Q

Hybrid prosthesis

A

A type of UE or LE prosthesis that is dually powered by the body and an electrical component
Commonly used with a transhumeral amputation

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2
Q

Myosites

A

Muscle sites in a residual limb that produce electromyographic signals that can be used to activate a myoelectrical prosthesis

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3
Q

Halo vest

A

A brace that supports and immobilizes the cervical spine and neck after an injury or surgery
Consists of a ring that encircles the head and is secured by pins and rods to the skill and is connected to a brace around the chest

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4
Q

Restriction orthosis

A

Classification of an orthosis intended to limit partial mobility of one or more joints while allowing free movement through the remaining arc of motion, typically used to:
- allow controlled motion
- decrease risk of scar adhesions
- minimized risk of contracture
- improve functional use

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5
Q

Body-powered prosthesis

A

Type of upper limb prosthetic device that is operated using a harness and the movement of the body to generate forces through a cable control system

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6
Q

Body powered terminal device

A

Component attached to the distal end of a prosthesis that is operated by forces generated by the body and enable a person to hold and stabilize objects, types include hand and hook designs with voluntary opening/closing features

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7
Q

Myoelectric prosthesis

A

Type of prosthesis used for a person following amputation that uses electrical signals from existing muscles to control the movement of the artificial limb

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8
Q

Angle of application

A

Force of torque applied to a joint using the dynamic component of a mobilization orthosis, ideally 90º to body segment being moved

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9
Q

Performance characteristic of thermoplastic material: Perforations

A

Small holes distributed throughout thermoplastic material that allow for air flow to minimize risk of skin rash, sweating, and maceration

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10
Q

Performance characteristic of thermoplastic material: Rigidity

A

Capacity of thermoplastic material to maintain its strength and to prevent a change in the integrity of the custom fit against force and repetitive stress, material effective to stabilize a large joint

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11
Q

Handling characteristic of thermoplastic material: Bonding

A

Capacity of thermoplastic material for it to adhere to itself, beneficial characteristic when attaching dynamic orthotic components to an orthotic base

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12
Q

Palmar crease

A

A crease on the hand that indicate areas of joint mobility and must be considered when fabricating and fitting an orthosis

Types include:
- distal
- proximal
- thenar
- hypothenar

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13
Q

Handling characteristic of thermoplastic material: Memory

A

Capacity of thermoplastic material to retain its original properties when reheated, recommended when frequent re-molding may be necessary

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14
Q

Intrinsic-plus position

A

Term used in orthotic positioning, commonly referred to as the “anti-deformity” or “safe position” of the hand, intended to place the MCP joint collateral ligaments in an elongated position to reduce contracture risk

Consists of:
- wrist in neutral or slight extension
- finger MCP joints in 75-90° of flexion
- finger IP joints in complete extension
- thumb in abduction and opposition

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15
Q

Anticontracture position: Anterior neck burn

A

Characteristics of this anticontracture position includes:
- neck in extension
- do not use a pillow when supine in bed
- use a neck collar or neck extension orthosis

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16
Q

Anticontracture position: Burn on the volar surface of the hand

A

Characteristics of this anticontracture position includes:
- MCP joints in slight hyperextension
- use of a palm extension orthosis to prevent cupping of the hand

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17
Q

Anticontracture position: Burn on the dorsum of the wrist

A

Characteristics of this anticontracture position includes:
- wrist joint in neutral
- use of an immobilization orthosis to prevent wrist extension

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18
Q

Anticontracture position: Burn on the dorsum of the hand

A

Characteristics of this anticontracture position includes:
- MCP joints in 70-90° in flexion with IP joints in full extension and thumb in opposition
- maintain ROM of first web space
- use of a functional hand orthosis to avoid claw hand deformity

19
Q

Anticontracture position: Anterior elbow burn

A

Characteristics of this anticontracture position includes:
- elbow joint in 5-10° of flexion
- use of a wrist extention orthosis to prevent flexion

20
Q

Anticontracture position: Burn of the axilla

A

Characteristics of this anticontracture position includes:
- shoulder joint in 120° of abduction with slight external rotation
- use of an orthosis or wedge to prevent shoulder adduction

21
Q

Body powered prosthetic

A

works off adjacent joint

22
Q

Myoelectric prosthetic

A

Picks up muscle contraction
Only needs one viable muscle site

23
Q

Terminal device

A

Thing on the end of prosthetic
Hand, claw

24
Q

Voluntary closing

A

Body powered action to close claw; when relaxed it opens

25
Q

Voluntary opening

A

Body powered action to open claw; when relaxed it closes

26
Q

Desensitization

A

Weight bearing
Touch it
Textures
Builds tolerance for prosthetic

27
Q

Oval 8

A

Used to manage: mallet finger, swan neck and boutonniere deformities, trigger finger and trigger thumb, lateral deviation, arthritis, fractures and hypermobility

28
Q

Spring loaded extension splint (LMB)

A

FO
Ideal for finger flexion tightness and boutonniere deformities
It produces extension of the joints of the fingers and/or thumb.

29
Q

Dressing tree

A

A dressing tree is a term that indicates a system of hooks and pegs that can help people with an upper limb difference put on and take off, or don and doff, their prostheses without the help of others.
dressing trees can also help with clothes

30
Q

Cosmetic prosthetic

A

Use the term passive functional for insurance to cover it.
These prostheses are lightweight and while they do not have active movement, they may improve a person’s function by providing a surface for stabilizing or carrying objects.

31
Q

Role of OT/PT in orthotics

A

Correct fit and type
- Pre surgery consult
Educate the client
- Terminology
- Expectations
Prep the stump
- Desensitization starting day 1 after surgery
- Molding
Application
- Don and doff
Functional use

32
Q

Resting hand orthotic

A

WHFO
Resting pan
Antideformity
Antispasticity

Wrist 10-20º extension
Slight flexion of digits

33
Q

Cock-up orthotic

A

WHO
Dorsal or volar based
Wrist immobilizer

Used with
- carpal tunnel
- wrist sprain
- carpal fx
- tendonitis
- ganglion cyst removal
- after an arthroplasty
- radial nerve palsy
- protect wounds
Support the wrist, cerebral palsy, stroke
Base of many dynamic splints

34
Q

Thumb spica

A

WHFO

Used for
- DeQuervain’s
- athrtitis
- post CMC arthroplasty
- preventative for CMC arthritis
- scaphoid or thenar fx
- Gamekeeper’s thumb
- UCL tears

35
Q

CMC splint

A

HO

36
Q

Static articulated orthotic

A

They can be hinged and locked (don joy)
- If they hold the joint still, they are hinged static

37
Q

Static progressive orthotic

A

This type applies force to the stiff joint or tissue, holding it at end-range position to improve passive motion.
May be articulated or not
Cannot be used on clients with abnormal tone
Adjustments can be made based on client’s pace and tolerance

38
Q

How to prevent torque deformity?

A

Torque deformity occurs when fingers start to twist or cross over.
The lower the profile, the lower the chance of getting torque deformity.
There should be a 90º angle from the point of pull to joint it is closes to.

39
Q

Orthotic functional position

A

Wrist 20-35º extended
Arches apparent
MPs slightly flexed
IPs 45-60º flexion
Thumb abducted and opposed

40
Q

Intrinsic plus (antideformity) position

A

Wrist 10-20º extension
MPs 90º flexion
IPs 0º

41
Q

Kleinert, Duran, or Chow orthotics

A

90º rule
Used for flexor and extensor tendon repairs
Takes the place of the affected tendon during the healing process

42
Q

Functional orthotics

A

Tenodesis orthotic - used with C5-8 spinal cords to increase the strength of tenodesis action
Others for writing, creating a thumb or radial nerve

43
Q

Mallet finger

A

Rupture or interruption of the terminal extensor tendon
It will not get better.
The only way it will heal without surgery is to leave it in place (extension) for 6-8 weeks and allow scar tissue to “glue” the tendon/rope back together. If you remove the splint and make ONE fist, prior to the 6-8 weeks, you will tear all the developing scar tissue and you have a cut tendon/ rope again! If you have to start over, it is less likely to heal!
Splint: the end joint (DIP) should be kept in an extension splint, it is best to tape it to the splint so that it will not move, the splint can be fabricated out of thermoplastics or you can use an aluminum splint, it can go on the top or bottom

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