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Assistive Technology, Devices Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative and augmentative communication (AAC)

A

Type of high or low technology device to assist or replace verbal/gestural communication, assist individuals with verbal deficits express basic needs, emotions, thoughts, and/or converse with others

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2
Q

AAC pointing device

A

Physical input device used to point at the desired location on a standard or graphic keyboard, beneficial for persons with decreased manual dexterity

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3
Q

Assistive technology: control enhancer

A

Equipment used to improve the control an individual has for using direct selection assistive technology
Types include:
- postural supports (laptray, lateral supports)
- hand/arm devices (orthotic, strap, pointer)
- head-mounted devices (stick, pointer, headrest)

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4
Q

Environmental control unit

A

Computerized or mechanized systems that enable a person with physical limitations to independently control or interact within their environment, may be activated by:
- voice
- eye gaze
- switch

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5
Q

Assistive technology: output

A

Devices that communicate the outcome of data processing from an information processing system, examples include:
- braille
- voice

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6
Q

Assistive technology: input controls

A

Devices used to enter data and perform control functions on computers or other electronic devices, examples include:
- joy stick
- trackballs
- touch screens

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7
Q

High-tech communication board

A

Type of electronic or computerized augmentative communication device that produces a synthesized voice

Allows a user with verbal deficits to express thoughts, needs, emotions, and to converse with others

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8
Q

Discrete control

A

Relates to the specificity of activating an assistive technology device

Can be binary or involve a single event, such as:
- on/off (binary)
- open/close (binary)
- changing TV channel (single event)
- calling telephone numbers (single event)

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9
Q

Deactivation

A

The release of a control interface used to turn off a specific assistive technology feature

Evaluation of the effort and movement required to release the control interface should be considered in the selection process

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10
Q

Concept keyboard

A

Type of keyboard that utilizes pictures, symbols, or whole words instead of letters and numbers

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11
Q

Alternative input

A

Hardware or software available for individuals to interact with a device in a nontraditional way

Examples:
- sip and puff
- eye gaze systems
- voice recognition software
- mechanical switches

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12
Q

Icon prediction

A

A feature of AAC devices that aids in recalling stored sequences of symbols and narrowing the field of choices to allow a person to communicate more efficiently

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13
Q

Mobile assistive robots

A

Assistive technology device that can move and complete relatively complex tasks as directed by the client
Types include:
- w/c mounted
- mobile base mounted

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14
Q

Mobile robotic platforms

A

Assistive device that has wheels, a robotic arm, and a tray

Can perform manipulative tasks, monitor the user, and/or provide cognitive and physical support

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15
Q

Teleoperated robot

A

Type of robot that requires the client to use multiple controls the robot in space

The robot makes no decisions and only responds to the commands of the client

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16
Q

Asynchronous telehealth technology

A

Therapeutic interventions that do not occur live and may include:
- video clips
- sensor technologies
- online use of standardized assessments

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17
Q

Synchronous telehealth technology

A

Use of live, interactive audio and visual technology for health management that may include:
- videoconferencing
- telephone

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18
Q

Fully autonomous robot

A

Type of robot that complete high-level tasks without the client providing instructions

The robot will make decisions independently related to the subtasks and functions

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19
Q

Low-tech communication board

A

Type of inexpensive AAC that does not require electronic or computer assistance

Consists of letters, selected words, of pictures to assist individuals with verbal deficits express basic needs and emotions

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20
Q

Rehabilitative technology

A

The application of technology in the intervention of persons with disabilities with a focus on compensation, facilitation, or restoration of functional skills to support participation in occupations

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21
Q

Assistive technology

A

Devices that have the potential to compensate for loss of function, facilitate independence, and restore functional skills

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22
Q

Control interface

A

A device that allows a client to interact with assistive technology

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23
Q

Selection set

A

Choices that are available on an AT device that a user may select from
Types include:
- direct: user selects a target and controls the device as a one-step process
- indirect: user must complete more than one step to control the device

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24
Q

AT transmission method

A

Refers to the signal communication between a piece of AT and an household appliance
Options include:
- radio frequency
- wireless technology
- infared frequency
- house wiring
- ultrasound

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25
Joystick
Input device consisting of a handle that pivots on a base allowing multi-directional control, often used to operate a power w/c, computer, or remote-controlled toys Types include: - proportional (continuous) - switched (discrete)
26
Membrane keyboard
Alternative keyboard for computer access made up of pressure pads requiring limited hand and arm strength and mobility
27
Phonation switch
Type of single-switch interface activated by speech or sound, used to operate AD such as computers and environmental control units
28
Pneumatic switch
Type of single-switch interface activated by airflow detection or pressure exchange, used to operate AD such as environmental control units
29
Proximity switch
Type of single-switch interface activated by close proximity to a detector, used to operate AD and operate light fixtures
30
Mechanical switch
Type of single-switch interface activated by applying pressure to a button, pad, or lever, used to operate AD Types include: - paddle - plate - button - lever - membrane
31
AT: feature matching
A process used to determine which technologic features on an AD would best meet the client's needs Should consider: - environment where device will be used - ability of the client to use the device - transmission method required and availability of the method
32
AT transmission method: infrared frequency
A type of AT transmission method in which desired household appliances are connected to EADL with infrared light transmission
33
AT transmission method: radio frequency
A type of AT transmission method in which desired household appliances are connected to EADL with radio frequency transmission
34
AT transmission method: ultrasound
A type of AT transmission method in which desired household appliances are connected to EADL with sound frequencies
35
AT transmission method: house wiring
A type of AT transmission method in which desired household appliances are connected to EADL with hard wiring in the home
36
Electromagnetic switch
Type of single-switch interface activated through energy such as radio waves or light used to operate assistive devices Types include: - fiber-optic sensor - infrared - sound - touch
37
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Infusion via a catheter inserted in a vein when oral feeding is not possible Precautions during intervention: - avoid occluding or dislodging the catheter - ensure connections are intact before and after treatment
38
Divided-leg sling
Type of sling used with a mechanical lift system that provides support for the client's torso and has straps that are positioned between the legs to prevent the client from sliding forward during t/f
39
Full-length body sling
Type of sling used with a mechanical lift system that provides full support from the head to the knees, and is typically used with a client who is dependent in t/f
40
Overhead track lift
A type of safe patient-handling equipment that is a combination of an overhead railing system and an electric lift system used to t/f a client from one surface to another
41
Manual portable lift
A type of lift system that requires the caregiver to pump a lever to raise and lower a client during a t/f
42
Secondary driving control adaptations
Adaptations made to a vehicle that allow the driver to interact with features in the vehicle (blinker, horn) that are not considered primary controls (gas, steering)
43
Caster cart
Type of wheeled seated mobility device that enables a child with limited LE function navigate on flat surfaces, can be self-propelled, wth option for batter operated joystick, may be difficult to maintain upright sitting for children with tight hamstrings or LE contractures
44
Endotracheal tube
A catheter placed into the trachea via the mouth or nose to deliver air from a ventilator to a client's lungs
45
Rocker knife
Adaptive eating utensil designed to enable one-handed cutting, may be beneficial for persons with hemiplegia, peripheral nerve injury, or other condition resulting in a non-functional grasp of one hand
46
Swivel utensil
Adaptive spoon or fork with a moving component designed to minimize food spillage, may be beneficial for persons with decreased forearm supination or intention tremors
47
Pivot disc
A round flat disc placed on the floor used to assist a client who is able to bear weights during a t/f but has difficulty moving legs
48
Air-filled w/c seat cushion charachteristics
Bladder design with adjustable inflation level Provides even distribution of pressure relief Lightweight design Potential for air pressure variability inherent in overall design
49
Gel-filled w/c seat cushion characteristics
Contains viscous filling Minimized shear forces Provides effective equal pressure distribution Heavier and harder to maintain May cause moisture build-up
50
Planar foam w/c seat cushion characteristics
Composed of viscoelastic material Lightweight and inexpensive Absorbs moisture Multiple density and thickness options Least effective option for pressure distribution
51
Adaptive writing surfaces for the classroom
Modification made during handwriting interventions often involving a slant board, upright easel, or white board to enhance UE control for: - manipulation of a writing instrument - promoting upright posture - tracking of the hand's movement during writing
52
Adaptive tools for handwriting
Instruments used during interventions in the classrooms to enhance proprioceptive feedback during handwriting Examples: - felt-tip pens - vibratory pens - crayons (scented, glittered, glow in the dark) - weighted pens/pencils - chalk
53
Front wheel drive w/c
Feature of a powered w/c in which the casters are located toward the rear of the chair and the drive wheels located at the front of the chair, designed to enhance maneuverability up and down sloped terrain
54
Mid-wheel drive w/c
Feature of a powered w/c that requires a third set of stabilizing caster wheels, designed with smaller turning radius which increases overall maneuverability
55
Rear-wheel drive w/c
Feature of a powered w/c in which the casters are located at the front of the chair and the drive wheels located toward the rear of the chair, designed to enhance maneuverability when using hand-operated controls Good option for use over rough terrain
56
Sports w/c
Wheeled mobility device designed to enhance maneuverability and speed during athletic and leisure activities Features include: - light-weight frame - specially designed wheels - all terrain options - overall stability
57
Benefits of light-weight manual w/c
Enhanced self-propulsion Decreased strain on UE Ease of loading and unloading for transportation
58
Manual w/c
Self-propelled or attendant-pushed w/c available with a wide variety of customizable options
59
What are the specific requirements for ramps as presented in the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)?
Any portion of an accessible route with a grade greater than 1:20 (5%) must be considered a ramp. Transitions of greater than 0.5 inch between two connected surfaces require a ramp. Ramps must use the least grade possible, and the grade may not be greater than 1:12 (8.3%) for new construction. A landing is required when a ramp has a continuous vertical rise exceeding 30 inches in height. For existing construction, two criteria apply when a grade of 8.3% cannot be achieved. First, a ramp with a grade of 1:10 (10%) is allowable as long as vertical rise is limited to 6 inches or less before a landing is provided. Second, a ramp with a grade of 1:8 (12.5%) is allowable as long as the vertical rise is limited to 3 inches or less before a landing is provided. Ramps must have a cross grade no greater than 1:50 (2%). Ramp width must not be less than 36 inches.
60
WC measurements
1. Distribute the weight over the widest possible surface 2. Keep the chair as narrow as possible 3. Width - measure the widest parts (hips or thighs) and add 2 inches 4. Seat depth - base of back/butt to inside of bent knee, minus 1-2 inches for clearance 5. Floor to seat - thigh to bottom of heal - foot plates need to clear by 2 inches 6. Back height - lumbar for sport - inferior scapula for free arm movement - top of hear for recline/tilt

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