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Contraindications and Precautions Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolic equivalent of task (MET)

A

Measurement system commonly used in cardiac rehab that indicates the energy expenditure required during a physical activity or daily task

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2
Q

Anterolateral THR precautions

A

No hip extension
No external rotation
No crossing midline

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3
Q

Posterior THR precautions

A

No hip adduction
No hip flexion past 90º
No internal rotation

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4
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Movement disorders that may be a result of side effects from medications
Characterized by:
- akathisia
- dystonia
- dyskinesia
- peudo Parkinsonism

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5
Q

Contact precautions

A

A type of transmission-based, infection control method used in conjunction with standard precautions to prevent the spread of disease or infection by contact

Precautions include but are not limited to:
- wearing personal protective equipment, such as gloves and a gown
- providing intervention within the patient’s room when possible
- only using equipment intended for single-patient use or that can be disinfected

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6
Q

Droplet precautions

A

A type of transmission-based, infection control method used in conjunction with standard precautions to prevent the spread of disease or infection by droplets

Precautions include but are not limited to:
- wearing a surgical mask
- providing intervention within the patient’s room when possible
- only using equipment intended for single-patient use or that can be disinfected

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7
Q

Airborne precautions

A

A type of transmission-based, infection control method used in conjunction with standard precautions to prevent the transmission of disease or infection that is spread by fine particles

Precautions include but are not limited to:
- wearing an N-95 mask or respirator
- providing intervention in an isolation room
- only using equipment intended for single-patient use or that can be disinfected

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8
Q

Hand hygiene

A

A type of infection control approach used to prevent the spread of germs and infection

Two methods:
- washing hands with antiseptic soap and water (typically used when hands are visibly dirty)
- alcohol-based hand sanitizer (typically used when hands are not visibly dirty)

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9
Q

Infection control

A

Policies and procedures used in healthcare intended to minimize or prevent nosocomial infections and the spread of health-related diseases, methods include:
- hand hygiene
- isolation systems
- sterilization

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10
Q

Standard precautions

A

Infection control procedures used by healthcare workers to prevent the spread of infections

Procedures include but are not limited to:
- effective hand hygiene
- wearing gloves, gowns, protective eyewear, and other personal protective equipment when contact with body fluids is anticipated
- applying a bandage to minor cuts or skin lesions
- properly handling and disposing of sharp objects
- routinely cleaning and disinfecting environmental surfaces and equipment before and after each patient interaction

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11
Q

Basic first aid for first-degree burn

A

Basic first aid that involves but is not limited to the following actions:
- immediately immerse the affected area in cool water or apply a cool compress
- apply a sterile dressing to cover the area

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12
Q

Universal precautions

A

An infection control method used in healthcare settings where all human blood and certain human body fluids are managed as if they were known to be infectious

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13
Q

Basic first aid for bleeding

A

Basic first aid that involves but is not limited to the following actions:
- assess the situation and, if possible, wash hands and don gloves
- place a clean or sterile dressing over the wound and firmly apply direct pressure
- elevate the wound surface above the heart level
- encourage the patient not to move the extremity with wound

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14
Q

Fire safety: RACE

A

An acronym that describes the steps used when responding to a fire

Includes:
R - rescue
A - alarm
C - contain
E - extinguish/evacuate

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15
Q

Pulse rate

A

Normal: 60-100bpm
Bradycardia (slow): <60bpm
Tachycardia (fast): >100bpm

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16
Q

What types of pressure are measure when taking BP?

A

Systolic: pressure when heart is contracting
Diastolic: pressure when heart is at rest

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17
Q

What is normal BP?

A

<120/<80

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18
Q

Prehypertension

A

120-139/80-89

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19
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A

140-159/90/99

20
Q

Stage 2 hypertension

A

≥160/≥100

21
Q

What are the norms for RR?

A

Newborn: 30-60 bpm
Adults: 12–20 bpm

22
Q

What are the norms for temperature?

A

98.6˚F or 37˚C

23
Q

What are the norms when measuring pain?

A

0 = nonexistent
1–3 = minimal
4–6 = moderate
7–10 = severe pain

24
Q

What are anthropometrics?

A

Size
Weight
Proportions of human body
Body mass index (BMI)

25
When is activity contraindicated with BP?
Systolic doesn’t rise in proportion with activity A decrease in systolic > 10 Systolic is >240 Increase in diastolic >20 with activity
26
Describe a patient with a sedentary activity level.
<1.5 METs Can perform activities that usually involve sitting or reclining and that have little additional movement
27
Describe a patient with a light activity level
1.6-2.9 METs Can perform activities that don’t cause a noticeable change in breathing heart rate Walking slowly (from living room to kitchen), cooking (can of soup)
28
Describe a patient with a moderate activity level.
3-5.9 METs Can perform activities that can be conducted while maintain a conversation uninterrupted Walking at 3-4.5mph, vacuuming, mowing lawn
29
Describe a patient with a vigorous activity level.
6+ METs Can perform activities which a conversation generally cannot be maintained and uninterrupted Walking at 5+ mph, jogging, cycling at 10+ mph
30
What is the difference between the generic and trade name of medications?
Generic: - Less expensive - Safe and effective provided within the specific range criteria through testing on active ingredients (bioequivalent) - “Off label” - May still experience different affects than with the brand name drug Trade (brand): - More expensive - Very specific effect for given conditions - Preferred for those drugs that have a wider range of therapeutic and adverse effects when tested
31
Schedule I drugs
Ex: marijuana, LSD, ecstasy (MDMA), heroin Highest potential for abuse and no accepted medical use and are not safe under medical supervision
32
Schedule II drugs
Ex: cocaine, opium, high grade morphine, oxycodone, methamphetamines (adderall) High potential for abuse, despite having an accepted medicinal use in the US
33
Schedule III drugs
Ex: low grade morphine, anabolic steroids, ketamine, certain codeine mixtures Can lead to moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence
34
Schedule IV drugs
Ex: ambien, valium, xanax, rohypnol, zolpidem, soma, darvon, darvocet, ativan, talwin Has accepted medical use in the USE, but abuse of the drug may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence
35
Schedule V drugs
Ex: cough syrup, lomotil, motofen, lyrica, parepectolin Substances with limited quantities of certain narcotics that have less potential for abuse and have accepted medical use in the US with limited risk of physical/psychological dependency
36
Losartan potassium
Generic name: Losartan Postassium Brand name: Cozaar Used to treat hypertension Can also be used to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes.
37
Alendronate
Generic: Alendronate Brand name is Fosamax and Binosto Prevent osteoporosis Side effect: nausea, heart burn Never take alendronate at bedtime it will not fully absorb in the system.
38
Digoxin
Generic: Digoxin Brand name: Lanoxin Used to control the rate and rhythm of a pt heartbeat. Reduces swelling of hands and ankles in pts with heart problems Should avoid taking OTC antacids This is also used to treat angina (heart pain) and may be used after a heart attack
39
Tylenol
Generic name: Acetaminophen Brand name: Tylenol Mild-moderate pain reliever Should be avoided if you have liver disease Can be taken to reduce fever. Can cause instant renal failure after having consumed alcohol within 72 hours
40
Warfarin
Generic name: Warfarin Brand name: Coumadin, Jantoven Helps prevent blood clots from forming. Aspirin and warfarin are two commonly prescribed blood thinners they should not be taking together due to increase bleeding. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin. Can not take Warfarin before surgery due to risk of increased blood loss during surgery
41
Lasix
Generic: Furosemide Brand: Lasix Treats fluid retention Used for pts with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder This medication can make your skin sensitive to sunlight; protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen are highly recommended when taking this medication Can be injected instead of in a pill
42
Thyroxine
Generic name: Levothyroxine Brand names include: Synthroid, Unithyroid, and Levoxyl Can also treat thyroid cancer and enlarged thyroid Used to treat hypothyroidism, an under active thyroid
43
Nitroglycerin
Generic: Nitroglycerin Brand Name: Nitrostat Prevents and treats chest pain Lowers blood pressure as well. When used rectally, it can treat pain caused by tears in the skin around the opening for bowel movements (anal fissures). This medication allows more blood to flow to the heart
44
Metformin
Generic name: Metformin Brand Name: Glumetza Helps to restore the body’s response to insulin, used for type 2 diabetes Can be used to treat PCOS
45
Esomeprazole
Generic name: Esomeprazole Brand name: Nexium Used to treat indigestion, heartburn, and acid reflux Patients taking PPIs have a higher risk of developing kidney disease
46
NSAID
Generic (brand) name: Aspirin (excedrine), Ibuprofen (advil, motrin), Naproxen (aleve, midol) Relieves pain, reduces inflammation, reduces fever Chronic use of NSAIDs may also present higher risks for people with heart disease, high BP, or diabetes Chronic use can lead to anemia Avoid taking NSAIDS if you have: kidney disease, liver disease, heart failure, history of stroke or heart attack, HBP if it’s difficult to manage
47
Levodopa
Generic name: levodopa Brand name: Sinemet Used for Parkinson’s

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