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Life Cycle Nutrition > Pregnancy Conditions and Interventions > Flashcards

Pregnancy Conditions and Interventions Flashcards

1
Q

obesity can increase the risk of a child developing ______ later in life

A

overweight/obesity
type 2 diabetes

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2
Q

pregnancy after bariatric surgery should be avoided for _____ due to ______

A

several years
nutrient deficencies

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3
Q

interventions for pregnancy after bariatric surgery ?

A

assessment of dietary intake, supplement use, and measurements of nutrient stores at every trimester

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4
Q

hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

A

chronic hypertension
preeclampsia-eclampsia
gestational hypertension

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5
Q

hypertensive disorders affect ____% of pregnancies

A

5-10%

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6
Q

Hypertension in pregnancy is related to _______

A

inflammation
oxidative stress
damage to endothelium of blood vessels

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7
Q

consequences of damage to endothelium

A

restriction of placental blood flow
increased tendency to clot
atherosclerotic plaque formation

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8
Q

chronic hypertension is when it doesn’t go away after pregnancy or was there before and is defined as systolic BP of ____ and diastolic BP of _____

A

systolic ≥140 mm Hm
diastolic ≥90mm Hm

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9
Q

____% of women will develop preeclampsia

A

20%

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10
Q

nutrition interventions for chronic hypertension

A

if sodium reduction helps before you can stay with that as long as u don’t go under 1500 mg

do not go low sodium if u weren’t already, it is not proven to help during pregnancy

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11
Q

What is preeclampsia

A

after 20 weeks gestation
increased blood pressure (140/90 or above)
proteinuria (more than .3 g protein excreted in 24 hrs)

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12
Q

what is eclampsia

A

seizures late in pregnancy in a women with preeclampsia

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13
Q

preeclampsia affects __________ with blood vessel spasms and constriction of blood flow, insulin resistance, high TG and FFA

A

placenta
maternal kidney
baby liver
baby brain

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14
Q

signs and symptoms of preeclampsia

A

hypertension
proteinuria
low urine output
sever and persistant headache
sensitive to light
abdominal pain
nausea

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15
Q

cause of preeclampsia

A

unknown but think it originates from abnormal implantation of placenta

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16
Q

cure to preeclampsia

A

deliver the baby

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17
Q

nutrition interventions for preeclampsia

A

1000-2000 mg/day of dietary or supplemental calcium

adequate fiber, fruits, and veggies

avoid high dose iron supplements

moderate exercise

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18
Q

what is gestational hypertension

A

hypertension diagnosed after 20 weeks of pregnancy

NO proteinuria

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19
Q

what is gestational diabetes

A

diabetes diagnosed in pregnancy that is clearly not chronic diabetes

high maternal BG = increased fetal BG = more fetal insulin production = increases glucose uptake and TG formation in fetus

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20
Q

outcomes associated with gestational DM in mother

A

increased risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity later in life

increased risk for gestational DM in next pregnancies

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21
Q

outcomes in baby associated with gestational DM

A

macrosomia (weigh more than 10 lb)

neonatal hypoglycemia

increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 DM, HTN, and obesity later In life

22
Q

how do they test for gestational diabetes

A

between 24-28 weeks, all pregnant women are given a 75 gram, 2 hr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

23
Q

after first test for GDM if one of the plasma glucose values exceeds these, you have to come in for another test, and if it does it again they diagnose you. what are the values?

A

fasting ≥92 mg/dl
1 hr ≥180 mg/dl
2hr ≥153 mg/dl

24
Q

how do they manage gestational diabetes

A

first with diet and exercise

if that doesn’t work in the 2 weeks after, they will add insulin injections

25
Q

nutrition recommendations for GDM

A
  • 3 regular meals and several snacks including bedtime snack
  • whole grain breads, cereals, veggies, fruits, high fiber foods
  • limit intake of simple sugars
  • emphasis on unsaturated fats
  • foods with low glycemic index
26
Q

monitoring of gestational diabetes invloves _____

A

urinary ketone testing

postpartum follow up bc 10-15% develop type 2 within 2-5 yrs

27
Q

women who have GDM should have screening every ____ years and may take lifestyle interventions and ______ to prevent DM

A

3 years
metaformin

28
Q

mother with type 1 diabetes is at risk of

A

kidney disease
HTN
preeclampsia

29
Q

newborn of other with diabetes type 1 have risk for ________

A

hypoglycemia at birth
LGA or SGA
preterm delivery
congenital malformations
mortality

30
Q

interventions for type 2 diabetics getting pregnant

A

replace DM medications with insulin before conception

maintain BG levels

31
Q

risks associated with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy

A

maternal hypoglycemia
- miscarriage
- congenital anomalies

hyperglycemia
- high blood ketone levels (blood glucose >200 mg/dl)
- diabetic ketoacidosis, which can decrease intelligence or increase fetal mortality

32
Q

dizygotic twins

A

fraternal
2 eggs are fertilized
70% of twins
different DNA (genetic “fingerprints”)
hereditary

33
Q

monozygotic twins

A

identical
1 egg fertilized and splits
30% of twins
always same sex
same DNA
not influenced by heredity

34
Q

in twin pregnancy how much should normal, overweight, and obese women gain

A

normal: 37-54 lb
overweight: 31-50 lb
obese: 25-42 lb

35
Q

rate of weight gain in twin pregnancy

A

5-7 lb in 1st trimester
1-2 lb per week in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

36
Q

weight gain in triplet pregnancy

A

50 lb result in healthy sized triplets

1.5 lb per week from beginning of pregnancy

37
Q

for twin pregnancy increase calories by _____

A

450

38
Q

what is hyperemesis gravidarum

A

severe nausea and vomitting during much of pregnancy

39
Q

____% of women have hyperemesis gravidarum

A

1-2%

40
Q

risks in hyperemesis gravidarum

A

dehydration
ekectrolyte imbalances
inadequate weight gain
ketosis

  • small infants
41
Q

treatment goals of hyperemesis gravidarum

A

adequate weight gain and preventing hospitalization

42
Q

management of hyperemesis gravidarum

A

6 small meals/snacks during the day

hydration with water or caffeine-free beverages

ginger or gingerale

limit high fat foods, which worsen naesua

easy to digest foods

43
Q

treatment of HIV and AIDS in pregnancy

A

needed before, during, and after pregnancy to try not to pass on to baby

44
Q

goals in pregnant women with HIV/AIDS

A

educate on food safety

maintain positive nitrogen balance and preservation of lean muscle and bone mass

45
Q

______ is the most common ED seen in pregnant women in the US

A

bulimia

46
Q

eating disorder symptoms in pregnancy

A

subside in 2nd and 3rd trimester but return postpartum

47
Q

nutritional interventions for pregnancies with eating disorders

A

weight gain
improve nutritional status
educate on needed behavioral changes and rationale of “for the baby”

48
Q

alcohol disorders include….

A

alcohol-related developmental disorder
alcohol-related birth defects
fetal alcohol syndrome

49
Q

alcohol easilt passes across the placenta to the fetus and stays in feal circulation longer bc ______

A

they dont have the enzymes to metabolize it

50
Q

most severe form of FASD is characterized by

A
  • abnormal facial features
  • growth problems
  • intellectual disability
  • flat midface
  • upturned nose
  • small eyes
  • small chin
51
Q

dietary recommendations for pregnant adolescents

A

calorie intake is increases more for asolescents that are pregnant

Life Cycle Nutrition (21 decks)

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