Adult Conditions Flashcards
developmental disparities occur between birth and ___ years of age. it is likely to continue indefinitely and substantially limits the individuals ability to function in three or more of the following major life activities
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_________ is Defined by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (________) as a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers
many everyday social and practical skills
intellectual disability
AAIDD
- “Intellectual functioning,” also called intelligence, refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem solving, and so on
- One criterion to measure intellectual functioning is an ____________ test
- Generally, a test score of _______ indicates a limitation in intellectual functioning
- Standardized tests can also determine limitations in adaptive behavior
intelligence quotient (IQ)
70 to 75
a group of disorders characterized by impaired muscle activity and coordination present at birth or developed during childhood ?
cerebral palsy
cerebral palsy recent population-based studies from around the world report prevalence estimates of CP
ranging from ___to___ per _____ live births
or children.
1 to nearly 4
1,000
Cerebral palsy can be classified according to the________________ or according to the _________ involved
what are the types?
type of abnormal muscle tone or movement
region of the body
- spastic CP
- athetoid CP
- ataxic CP
- mixed CP
Spastic cerebral palsy (____% of cases)
- Extremities involved: ???
- Neurologic dysfunction: ???
50%
Diplegia (mainly both lower extremities)
quadriplegia (all four extremities plus trunk and neck)
hemiplegia (one arm and one leg on same side of body)
spasticity
Athetoid cerebral palsy (____% of cases)
* Extremities involved: ???
* Neurologic dysfunction: ???
20%
Quadriplegia
Athetosis
hypotonia
Ataxic cerebral palsy (____% of cases)
* Extremities Involved: ???
* Neurologic dysfunction: ???
10%
Atonic diplegia or congenital cerebellar ataxia
Hypotonia
Mixed cerebral palsy: ???
A combination of the three types listed
Cerebral Palsy
- Cure ?
- Most individuals with CP will experience some form of _______ by the time they reach their 40’s
* The developmental delays that often accompany CP keep some __________ from developing to their full capacity and level of performance
* As a consequence, organ systems such as the cardiovascular system and pulmonary system have to work harder
- no known cure
- premature aging
- organ systems
CP Energy intake may require adjustment based on the individual’s metabolism (amount of activity, muscle tone) in order to help achieve a desirable weight or weight range
- _______________ are of particular concern
Respiratory and GI conditions
Spina Bifida Is a neural tube defect that presents in
a number of ways, the types are …?
meningocele
- (spinal cord doesn’t go into lesion)
myelomeningocele (MM)
- (spinal cord goes into lesion)
spina bifida occulta
- (no bubble looking lesion)
What is the most common form of Spina Bifida?
- occurs between ___-____ days gestation, with the date of occurrence affecting the _______
MM
26-30 days
location of lesion
Spina Bifida Lesion may occur in the
- _________, ________, or _______ area
- higher the lesion, the ______ is the paralysis
thoracic, lumbar, or sacral area
greater
often people with Spina Bifida will have _______ high occurs in the brain when the brain matter extended into the spinal canal
chiari malformation
Spina bifida Evaluation & Intervention
* Pressure injuries
* Signs of dehydration
- Asking about food and fluids consumed
* Constipation
* Overweight or Obese
- Prevention involves _________________.
* Depression, social isolation and decreased self-worth
* Biomarkers: _______________
* Best approach is team based
- Address problem with limited physical activity
- Increasing fluids and fiber
- Estimating appropriate amount of calories
Iron, Vitamin D
A group of developmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication, social interaction, and
behaviors that meet diagnostic criteria in standardized testing ?
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
ASD are a group of related brain-based disorders
categorized into five types:
____________
____________
____________
___________
____________
- Autistic disorder
- Rett disorder
- Childhood disintegrative disorder
- Asperger syndrome
- Pervasive developmental disorder
—Not otherwise specified
ASD Nutrition History
* Common impairments in ______ coordination, aversion to certain __________
* Normal visual and aural stimulation of the eating _________ can be disturbing
- These imply need for adaptive utensils, food consistency modification, control of light,
sound visual imagery in the eating environment
fine motor
food textures
environment
ASD Nutrition Diagnosis
* Individuals with ASD are susceptible to nutrient imbalance in the diet resulting from their increased tendency for __________________
food avoidance or food aversions
ASD Nutrition Intervention GOALS
* Maximize _________ to enhance the response to other treatment approaches
BASIC STRATEGIES
* _____________________
* Routine transition to the __________at meals
* Establish supportive rules for mealtime behavior
brain function
Structure meal and snack times (minimize distractions)
table and social modeling
Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities and occurs in approximately ___ in ____ live births
* Is a result of _________________________, it is associated with developmental delays, hypotonia, and short stature as well as certain physical characteristics
1 in 733
extra genetic material on chromosome 21
- trisomy 21
As individuals with Down syndrome age, practitioners may note the following in these patients:
- More __________ problems
- Decreased _________, more infections
- __________, which decreases activity level and body temperature
- _________ disease
- occurs at a rate _____ times greater than it does in the general population
- presents ______
gastrointestinal
immune system
Hypothyroidism
Alzheimer’s
- 3-5 X greater
- presents earlier
How to determine a desirable weight range (DWR) for adults with Down syndrome ?
- Differences in metabolism, muscle tone, and body shape make it difficult to use typical measures without making some sort of adaptations
- Rule-of-thumb approach has been adjusted for adults with Down syndrome.
- what is this approach?
do not have one
add 10% to the HAMWI method
Comparative Standards for Females with down syndrome taller than 5 feet ?
100 lb for the first 5 feet in height
- 5 lb for every inch over
- multiply this number by 1.1 to get DWR
- The DWR is 90-110% of this number
Comparative Standards for Females with down syndrome shorter than 5 feet ?
- subtract 5 lb from 100 for every inch below 5 feet
- multiply by 1.1 to get DWR
- the DWR is 90-110% of this number
Comparative Standards for males with down syndrome taller than 5 feet ?
106 lb for the first 5 feet in height
- 6 lb for every inch over
- multiply this number by 1.1 to get DWR
- The DWR is 90-110% of this number
Comparative Standards for males with down syndrome shorter than 5 feet ?
106 lb for the first 5 feet in height
- subtract 3 lb for every inch under
- multiply this number by 1.1 to get DWR
- The DWR is 90-110% of this number
Individuals with Down syndrome have a lower basal metabolic rate by as much as ____%
_______ is a common finding in young adults with Down syndrome and can be linked to sleep apnea, learning problems, and early onset of hypertension and heart disease
___________ is a common problem due to hypotonia of the gastrointestinal tract
Regular monitoring for _____________ is recommended.
20%
Obesity
Constipation
celiac disease
Down Syndrome- Intervention
- Nutrition-related issues may require referral to and collaboration with
______________ - Regular ______ is recommended to address muscle tone, coordination, and weight management
- Low oral motor tone and sensory dysfunction play a role in food selection and the person’s desire to handle many textures of foods and fluid consistencies.
- Many adults do not progress past a _____________ or ____________ diet either
because of chewing dysfunction, inefficient swallow, or sensory dysfunction
community resources
exercise
self-selected or “easy chew”
Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS)
* Genetic condition of chromosomal material
Characteristics:
* Developmental delays (____%)
* Learning and intellectual disabilities (____%)
* Hypotonia
* Short stature
* Small hands and feet
* Incomplete sexual development
* Unique facial features
50%
10%
PWS Appetite and Obesity
* Gradual and complex progression in terms of ____ nutrition phases based on
levels of appetite, metabolic changes and growth
- Some adults may progress to the last phase with _____________
- Cause is suspected to involve the ___________ & altered levels of satiety
_______ and peptides - Body fat is generally deposited in the ________, ________, and ___________ area
7
no insatiable appetite (don’t get full)
hypothalamus
hormones
thighs
buttocks
abdominal
PWS
* Prevention of _________ is key to successful treatment
* Weight management programs providing __________ may be required
* Strict supervisions and emphasis on physical activity, with a behavior management approach
* May need to live in _________ with supervised independent living
for structured meals and exercise
obesity
6-8kcal/cm of height
group homes
