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Life Cycle Nutrition > Adult Conditions > Flashcards

Adult Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

developmental disparities occur between birth and ___ years of age. it is likely to continue indefinitely and substantially limits the individuals ability to function in three or more of the following major life activities

A

21

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2
Q

_________ is Defined by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (________) as a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers
many everyday social and practical skills

A

intellectual disability
AAIDD

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3
Q
  • “Intellectual functioning,” also called intelligence, refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem solving, and so on
  • One criterion to measure intellectual functioning is an ____________ test
  • Generally, a test score of _______ indicates a limitation in intellectual functioning
  • Standardized tests can also determine limitations in adaptive behavior
A

intelligence quotient (IQ)
70 to 75

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4
Q

a group of disorders characterized by impaired muscle activity and coordination present at birth or developed during childhood ?

A

cerebral palsy

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5
Q

cerebral palsy recent population-based studies from around the world report prevalence estimates of CP
ranging from ___to___ per _____ live births
or children.

A

1 to nearly 4
1,000

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6
Q

Cerebral palsy can be classified according to the________________ or according to the _________ involved

what are the types?

A

type of abnormal muscle tone or movement
region of the body

  • spastic CP
  • athetoid CP
  • ataxic CP
  • mixed CP
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7
Q

Spastic cerebral palsy (____% of cases)

  • Extremities involved: ???
  • Neurologic dysfunction: ???
A

50%

Diplegia (mainly both lower extremities)
quadriplegia (all four extremities plus trunk and neck)
hemiplegia (one arm and one leg on same side of body)

spasticity

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8
Q

Athetoid cerebral palsy (____% of cases)
* Extremities involved: ???
* Neurologic dysfunction: ???

A

20%

Quadriplegia

Athetosis
hypotonia

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9
Q

Ataxic cerebral palsy (____% of cases)
* Extremities Involved: ???
* Neurologic dysfunction: ???

A

10%

Atonic diplegia or congenital cerebellar ataxia

Hypotonia

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10
Q

Mixed cerebral palsy: ???

A

A combination of the three types listed

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11
Q

Cerebral Palsy
- Cure ?
- Most individuals with CP will experience some form of _______ by the time they reach their 40’s
* The developmental delays that often accompany CP keep some __________ from developing to their full capacity and level of performance
* As a consequence, organ systems such as the cardiovascular system and pulmonary system have to work harder

A
  • no known cure
  • premature aging
  • organ systems
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12
Q

CP Energy intake may require adjustment based on the individual’s metabolism (amount of activity, muscle tone) in order to help achieve a desirable weight or weight range

  • _______________ are of particular concern
A

Respiratory and GI conditions

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13
Q

Spina Bifida Is a neural tube defect that presents in
a number of ways, the types are …?

A

meningocele
- (spinal cord doesn’t go into lesion)

myelomeningocele (MM)
- (spinal cord goes into lesion)

spina bifida occulta
- (no bubble looking lesion)

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14
Q

What is the most common form of Spina Bifida?
- occurs between ___-____ days gestation, with the date of occurrence affecting the _______

A

MM
26-30 days
location of lesion

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15
Q

Spina Bifida Lesion may occur in the
- _________, ________, or _______ area

  • higher the lesion, the ______ is the paralysis
A

thoracic, lumbar, or sacral area

greater

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16
Q

often people with Spina Bifida will have _______ high occurs in the brain when the brain matter extended into the spinal canal

A

chiari malformation

17
Q

Spina bifida Evaluation & Intervention
* Pressure injuries
* Signs of dehydration
- Asking about food and fluids consumed
* Constipation
* Overweight or Obese
- Prevention involves _________________.
* Depression, social isolation and decreased self-worth
* Biomarkers: _______________
* Best approach is team based

A
  • Address problem with limited physical activity
  • Increasing fluids and fiber
  • Estimating appropriate amount of calories

Iron, Vitamin D

18
Q

A group of developmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication, social interaction, and
behaviors that meet diagnostic criteria in standardized testing ?

A

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

19
Q

ASD are a group of related brain-based disorders
categorized into five types:
____________
____________
____________
___________
____________

A
  • Autistic disorder
  • Rett disorder
  • Childhood disintegrative disorder
  • Asperger syndrome
  • Pervasive developmental disorder
    —Not otherwise specified
20
Q

ASD Nutrition History
* Common impairments in ______ coordination, aversion to certain __________
* Normal visual and aural stimulation of the eating _________ can be disturbing

  • These imply need for adaptive utensils, food consistency modification, control of light,
    sound visual imagery in the eating environment
A

fine motor
food textures

environment

21
Q

ASD Nutrition Diagnosis
* Individuals with ASD are susceptible to nutrient imbalance in the diet resulting from their increased tendency for __________________

A

food avoidance or food aversions

22
Q

ASD Nutrition Intervention GOALS
* Maximize _________ to enhance the response to other treatment approaches

BASIC STRATEGIES
* _____________________
* Routine transition to the __________at meals
* Establish supportive rules for mealtime behavior

A

brain function

Structure meal and snack times (minimize distractions)

table and social modeling

23
Q

Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities and occurs in approximately ___ in ____ live births
* Is a result of _________________________, it is associated with developmental delays, hypotonia, and short stature as well as certain physical characteristics

A

1 in 733

extra genetic material on chromosome 21
- trisomy 21

24
Q

As individuals with Down syndrome age, practitioners may note the following in these patients:

  • More __________ problems
  • Decreased _________, more infections
  • __________, which decreases activity level and body temperature
  • _________ disease
  • occurs at a rate _____ times greater than it does in the general population
  • presents ______
A

gastrointestinal
immune system
Hypothyroidism

Alzheimer’s
- 3-5 X greater
- presents earlier

25
Q

How to determine a desirable weight range (DWR) for adults with Down syndrome ?

  • Differences in metabolism, muscle tone, and body shape make it difficult to use typical measures without making some sort of adaptations
  • Rule-of-thumb approach has been adjusted for adults with Down syndrome.
  • what is this approach?
A

do not have one

add 10% to the HAMWI method

26
Q

Comparative Standards for Females with down syndrome taller than 5 feet ?

A

100 lb for the first 5 feet in height
- 5 lb for every inch over
- multiply this number by 1.1 to get DWR
- The DWR is 90-110% of this number

27
Q

Comparative Standards for Females with down syndrome shorter than 5 feet ?

A
  • subtract 5 lb from 100 for every inch below 5 feet
  • multiply by 1.1 to get DWR
  • the DWR is 90-110% of this number
28
Q

Comparative Standards for males with down syndrome taller than 5 feet ?

A

106 lb for the first 5 feet in height
- 6 lb for every inch over
- multiply this number by 1.1 to get DWR
- The DWR is 90-110% of this number

29
Q

Comparative Standards for males with down syndrome shorter than 5 feet ?

A

106 lb for the first 5 feet in height
- subtract 3 lb for every inch under
- multiply this number by 1.1 to get DWR
- The DWR is 90-110% of this number

30
Q

Individuals with Down syndrome have a lower basal metabolic rate by as much as ____%

_______ is a common finding in young adults with Down syndrome and can be linked to sleep apnea, learning problems, and early onset of hypertension and heart disease

___________ is a common problem due to hypotonia of the gastrointestinal tract

Regular monitoring for _____________ is recommended.

A

20%

Obesity

Constipation

celiac disease

31
Q

Down Syndrome- Intervention

  • Nutrition-related issues may require referral to and collaboration with
    ______________
  • Regular ______ is recommended to address muscle tone, coordination, and weight management
  • Low oral motor tone and sensory dysfunction play a role in food selection and the person’s desire to handle many textures of foods and fluid consistencies.
  • Many adults do not progress past a _____________ or ____________ diet either
    because of chewing dysfunction, inefficient swallow, or sensory dysfunction
A

community resources

exercise

self-selected or “easy chew”

32
Q

Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS)
* Genetic condition of chromosomal material

Characteristics:
* Developmental delays (____%)
* Learning and intellectual disabilities (____%)
* Hypotonia
* Short stature
* Small hands and feet
* Incomplete sexual development
* Unique facial features

A

50%
10%

33
Q

PWS Appetite and Obesity
* Gradual and complex progression in terms of ____ nutrition phases based on
levels of appetite, metabolic changes and growth

  • Some adults may progress to the last phase with _____________
  • Cause is suspected to involve the ___________ & altered levels of satiety
    _______ and peptides
  • Body fat is generally deposited in the ________, ________, and ___________ area
A

7

no insatiable appetite (don’t get full)

hypothalamus
hormones

thighs
buttocks
abdominal

34
Q

PWS
* Prevention of _________ is key to successful treatment
* Weight management programs providing __________ may be required
* Strict supervisions and emphasis on physical activity, with a behavior management approach
* May need to live in _________ with supervised independent living
for structured meals and exercise

A

obesity

6-8kcal/cm of height

group homes

Life Cycle Nutrition (21 decks)

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