Child and Preadolescent Nutrition

Question 1

middle childhood is ages ___ to ____
Preadolescence is ages ___ to ___ for females and
____ to ____ for males

both are considered _____ age

Answer 1

5-10

9-11
10-12

school age

Question 2

Average annual growth: ____ in weight and ___ inches in height

Continue to have growth spurts that coincide with periods of increased appetite & intake

Answer 2

7 lbs
2.5 inches

Question 3

In early childhood, body fat reaches a ______ then increases around age ___ in preparation for adolescent growth spurt
◼ Referred to as “_______”
◼ Boys have more LBM than girls
◼ BMI is not constant in childhood

Answer 3

minimum
6

BMI rebound

Question 4

at this time develop _____ which is knowledge of what to do and ability to do it.

____ relationships become more important

changed from magical thinking and egocentrism to ______

Answer 4

self-efficacy
peer
concrete operations

Question 5

in this time what happens to development of feeding skills

Answer 5

master using utensils
can be involves in food prep
learn about different foods and basic nutrition facts

Question 6

___________ continue to have the most influence on child’s attitude about food & food choices

◼ Parents should be positive role models
◼ Family mealtimes should be encouraged
◼ Snacking
◼ Other influences:
◼ Peer influences
◼ _____

Answer 6

Parents & older siblings

Media

Question 7

Internal controls on appetite & satiety can be altered by _____
◼ Presence of other people
◼ Time of day
◼ Availability of highly palatable food

◼ During middle childhood, children cannot consume large amounts of foods at one time, and therefore need ____ to meet their nutritional needs

Answer 7

external factors

snacks

Question 8

Imposing controls & restriction of “forbidden foods” may increase desire & intake of those foods as well as ?

Answer 8

◼ may contribute to beginnings of eating disorders
◼ ignores the child’s internal cues for hunger & satiety
◼ May increase risk of obesity
◼ Lead to a nutritionally-inferior diet

Question 9

DRI average EER for

BOYS
4-8
9-13

GIRLS
4-8
9-13

Answer 9

BOYS
1742
2279

GIRLS
1642
2071

Question 10

protein needs for girls and boys 4-13 years old is _____

Answer 10

0.95 g/kg/day

Question 11

in this age group some children do not meet needs for key nutrients=>______________

Answer 11

iron, zinc, & calcium

Question 12

DRI for iron zinc and calcium for 4-8 and 9-13 yrs old

Answer 12

4-8 years old
iron is 10 mg/day
zinc is 5 mg/day
calcium is 1000 mg/day

9-13 years old
iron is 8 mg/day
zinc is 8 mg/day
calcium is 1300 mg/day

Question 13

recommendation to get enough iron

Answer 13

meats
fortified cereal
dry beans and peas
vitamin C rich foods

Question 14

recommendation to get enough fiber

Answer 14

fruits and veggies
whole grain breads
cereals
dried beans and peas

Question 15

recommendation for fat in preadolescent and child?

Answer 15

limit saturated and tran FA

Question 16

recommendation on how to get calcium and vitamin D

Answer 16

dairy products and calcium fortified foods
sunlight and vit D fortified foods

• if lactose intolerant, decrease to point of tolerance and spread sources throughout the day

Question 17

For children participating in prolonged, vigorous
activities especially in hot climates=> ________ can be used to prevent dehydration and replete electrolyte losses

Answer 17

plain sports drinks

Question 18

AAP recommends a ______ with minerals for children at high risk for developing deficiencies:

Answer 18

MVI

Question 19

Children should engage in at least _______s of physical activity every day

Parents should:
◼ Set a good example by being physically
active themselves
◼ Encourage physical activity
◼ Limit child’s media & computer use

Answer 19

60 minute

Question 20

____ are less active than ____
Physical activity ______ with age
________ impact level of physical activity
____________ classes in schools are decreasing

Answer 20

girls less than boys
decreases
Season & climate
Physical education

Question 21

Participation in organized sports linked to lower incidence of overweight

AAP recommends:

Answer 21

◼ Organized sports should not take the place of regular
physical activity

◼ Emphasis should be on having fun over competitive

◼ Warning against intensive, specialized training for
children

Question 22

iron deficiency is ____ common in children than in toddlers
____% of 6-11 year olds are iron deficient

Answer 22

less
4%

Question 23

dental cares seen in ___% of children from 6-9 yrs old

some suggestions?

Answer 23

50%

limit sugary snacks
choose couples CHO instead of simple sugars
regular meal and snack times instead of continual snacks
brush teeth or rinse after eating
fluoride thru water or supplement

Question 24

____ percent of children ages 6-8 years
____ percent age 9-11 years are overweight or obese

Obesity prevalence differs by race/ethnicity

◼ 38.2 percent_____
◼ 35.0 percent_____
◼ 19.1 percent_____
◼ 12.1 percent_____

Answer 24

32.8
35.6

Hispanic
African American
White
Asian

Question 25

predictors of childhood obesity

Answer 25

◼ Early BMI rebound results in higher BMIs in
children

◼ Parental obesity increases risk

Question 26

significant association between hours of television viewing and pediatric obesity

AAP recommends no screen devices in ________ and development of Family Media plan
◼ Healthy People 2020 objective:
◼ Increase proportion of children who view no more than _____ hours of screen time per day from 79% to 87%

Answer 26

bedrooms
2 hours

Question 27

treatment goals for overweight and obese children age 6-11

85th - 94th

95th-98th

≥99th

Answer 27

weight maintenance or BMI percentile deflection down
gradual weight loss not more than 1 lb/month
weight loss max of and average of 2 lbs per week

Question 28

advice to prevent CVD in school age children

Answer 28

25-30% calories from fat
- include omega-6 and omega-3 FA
limit fruit juice and sugar beverages
limit food high in salt, cholesterol, and saturated/trans fat

Question 29

universal lipid screening between ___ and ____ yrs old

Answer 29

9-11

Question 30

______ can provide an appropriate environment for nutrition education and learning healthy lifestyle behaviors

Answer 30

Schools

Question 31

ensuring that all foods available in schools should be consistent with the DGA’s & DRIs

Answer 31

nutrition integrity

Question 32

___% of U.S. children age 6-17 live in poverty
◼ Disparities in nutrition status exist among different races & ethnic groups
◼ ____________________________children are more likely to live in poverty

Answer 32

18%

African-America
Native-American
Hispanic-American

Question 33

Financial assistance provided to schools by the federal government

Answer 33

National School Lunch Program

Question 34

requirements for national school lunch program

Answer 34

◼ Lunches based on nutrition standards
◼ No discrimination between those who can and cannot
pay
◼ Operate on a non-profit basis
◼ Programs must be accountable
◼ Must participate in commodity program

Question 35

nutrition standards for national school lunch program

Answer 35

• Fruits & vegetables daily
• Increasing whole-grain foods
• Offer only fat-free or low-fat milk varieties
• Offer meals that meet specific calorie ranges for
  each age/grade group
• Reduce amounts of saturated fat, trans-fat, & sodium