Older Adult Nutrition Flashcards
What defines “old” ?
- DRI category
- U.S. Census Bureau
- Eligibility for Medicare
- World Health Organization
- Older American Act Nutrition Program
- 70
- 65
- 65
- 60
- 60
CDC suggest that longevity depends on:
◦____% lifestyle factors
◦_____% environmental factors (pollution, etc.)
◦____% genetics
◦____% access to high-quality health care
51%
20%
19%
10%
More Americans are living longer
◦Currently, _____% are >65 yrs
◦ By 2030, it is expected that ~____% will be >65 yrs
Persons ≥____ are the fastest growing population group
16.8%
19%
85
Average number of years of life remaining for persons in a population cohort or group
life expectancy
Maximum number of years someone might live;
is projected to range from 110-120 years
life span
life expectancy is higher in the ______ of the US
lowest in ____ area of US
which gender is living longer?
west and northeast
south
females
Animal studies show that an energy- restricted diet that meets micronutrient needs can prolong healthy life
▪Caloric restriction defined as: decreasing energy intake by_______% while meeting protein and micronutrient needs
▪Studies of caloric restriction (CR) in primates have shown conflicting results
25-30%
cardiovascular changes with age:
◦ Reduced stroke volume
◦ Increased arterial stiffening, increased BP
Endocrine changes with age:
◦ Reduced levels of estrogen & testosterone
◦ Decreased secretion of growth hormone
◦ Increased cortisol
◦ Reduced glucose tolerance
◦ Decreased ability to convert provitamin D to previtamin D in the skin
GI changes with age:
◦ Reduced secretion of saliva & mucus
◦ Missing or poorly fitting teeth
◦ Dysphagia
◦ Damaged, less-efficient mitochondria produce less ATP, less energy
◦ Reduced secretion of HCl & digestive enzymes
◦ Slower peristalsis
◦ Reduced vitamin B12 absorption
Renal changes with age:
◦ Reduced number of nephrons
◦ Slowed glomerular filtration rate
Neurological changes with age:
◦Reduced nerve conduction velocity=>
affecting cognition and sense of smell, taste, & touch
Respiratory changes with age:
◦ Reduced breathing capacity
◦ Reduced work capacity & endurance
Musculoskeletal changes with age:
◦ Reduced LBM
◦ Increased fat mass
◦ Decreased RMR
◦ Reduced work capacity & strength
LBM and Fat decline on average ____% per decade from age _____
this results in lower ____, _____, and ______
2-3%
30-70
lower
- mineral
- muscle
- water reserves
Loss of skeletal muscle mass & strength associated with aging
sarcopenia
sarcopenia’s cause is multifactorial including _____________
muscle disuse
nutritional deficiencies
hormone changes
chronic diseases
inflammation
sarcopenia is a precursor to ______.
Which results in worsening disease burden, nutritional inadequacies, increased disability, increased fall risk, functional dependency, and death.
Older adults with reported decline in function, strength, or with recurrent falls should be assessed for sarcopenia
frailty
Coexistence of age-related loss of muscle mass & strength and excess body fat
sarcopenia obesity
Sarcopenia obesity results in _____ outcomes and declines in function than sarcopenia or obesity alone
worse
protein recommendations for sarcopenia is _________
when during the day?
also, consume _____ HBV protein source at each meal
healthy diet with dietary sources of __________.
Exercise with emphasis on __________.
1.0-1.5 g/kg/day
evenly throughout the day
25-35 g
antioxidants
resistance strength training
as age increases, body fat increases, especially in the ______ region
lost muscle mass is replaced with fat.
For women, lack of ______ promotes fat accumulation
visceral
estrogen
Wt & BMI gradually increase with aging, peaking between _______ yrs
◦ Physical activity moderates weight gain, increases LBM, & decreases body fat
- Weight then stabilizes and starts to slowly drop around age ____
50-59 yrs
70
Taste & smell decline with age
* Declining number of _________ receptors
* Blunted sense of smell decreases sense of taste
* Women retain their sense of smell _____ than men do
* Disease & medications affect taste & smell _____ than aging
olfactory
better
more
