Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life Cycle Nutrition > Lactation Conditions and Interventions > Flashcards

Lactation Conditions and Interventions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the second highest reason mothers discontinue breastfeeding?

A

sore nipples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

early mild nipple discomfort is common, but usually subsides after ___________

A

first week to 1 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sore nipples can be prevented by ___________________

A

proper positioning of baby on breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

list some main reasons for nipple pain

A

bad latch
improper release of suction
infection
wrong size flanges in pumping
oversupply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is flat nipple

A

nipple appears level with surrounding tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is inverted nipple

A

nipple drawn into the surrounding tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

does inverted nipple or flat nipple affect breastfeeding?

A

not if the latch is correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is letdown failure?
treatment?

A

when milk does not eject from the breast
- very uncommon
- relaxation techniques
- oxytocin nasal spray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is hyperactive letdown?

A

streams of milk coming from the breast is too active, and maya use baby to choke/gulp/cough while nursing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the management for hyperactive letdown?

A

wait for milk flow to slow down before putting the infant to the breast

  • express milk until flow is lower, then allow baby to latch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is hyperlaction?
management for hyper lactation?

A

milk volume exceeds intake of the baby

-reduce production through cabbage leaves or cold compress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is engorgement?

A

breasts are overfilled with milk
- results when supplies;y and demand process is not yet established and milk is abundant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the prevention for engorgement?

A

nurse frequently
- newborns may nurse every hour and a half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a plugged duct?

A

hard, often painful area of the breast, swollen with milk because of temporarily poor milk drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how to treat plugged duct?

A

massage and warm compress
complete emptying of breasts and changing position while feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is mastitis?

A

infection/inflammation in breast that occurs in 33% of breastfeeding women

  • may result from sore or cracked nipples, and missing a feeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mastitis can be infective or non-infective and is most common at _____ weeks postpartum.

A

2 to 3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the most common reason for cessation of breastfeeding

A

low milk supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a few causes we can consider when there is low milk supply?

A

insufficient breastfeeding or pumping
ineffective emptying
inadequate milk removal
suboptimal hormone balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how to manage low milk supply

A

assessing the pumping
try guided imagery while expressing milk
nutritional management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

many herbs like traditional ______ are not currently considered appropriate during lactation. avoid herbs such as ___, ____, _____, and ____.

A

galactogogues

castor bean
jasmine flower
fresh parsley
sage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

data on the specific herbs…
- echinacea
- ginseng root
- St. John’s wort
- Fenugreek
- Goat’s rue and milk thisle/blessed thistle

A

echinacea - insufficient data
ginseng root - not advisable
St. John’s wort - may reduce milk supply
Fenugreek - may increase milk supply,infants may have rxns
Goat’s rue and milk thistle - increasingly used as galactogue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most maternal medications are likely to be prescribed to the nursing mother have ____ effect on milk supply or on infant well being

A

little

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

radioactive compounds (_______), and street drugs are always _____

A

antimetabolites
contraindicated (should not be used)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the ratio of the concentration of drug in milk to the concentration of the drug in maternal plasma

A

milk/plasma drug concentration ratio (M/P ratio)

26
Q

what is the exposure index

A

average infant milk intake per kilogram body weight per day x 100

27
Q

does oral contraceptives mess with milk ?

A

OC’s may reduce milk volume

28
Q

recommendation for OCs while breastfeeding

A

avoid use of combined Ocs from 6 weeks to 6 months postpartum

progestin-only OCs (“mini pill”)

29
Q

level of alcohol in breastmilk is ____
peak plasma levels occur at _____ after consumption without food.
_____ if with food

A

same as in maternal plasma
30-60 min
60-90 min

30
Q

nicotine risks for infants include?

A

otitis media
asthma
respiratory infections
GI dysregulation

31
Q

recommendation for nicotine and breastfeeding

A

better to smoke and breastfeed than smoke and not breastfeed

32
Q

affects of marijuana to baby from breastmilk include ?

A

may change DNA/RNA and proteins needed for growth

33
Q

caffeine affect on infants from lactation

A

moderate intake causes no problems
1% in milk compared to blood plasma
may accumulate in infants 3-4 months old
may interfere with sleep or hyperactivity & fussiness

34
Q

amphetamines, cocaine, heroin, and phencyclidine (angel dust, PCP) are classified by the _____ as drugs of abuse

A

AAP

35
Q

opioids such as ____ and ____ should not be continued if breastfeeding

A

codeine
tramadol

36
Q

jaundice (_________) is a yellow color of the skin seen in about ____ of full term and ____ of preterm infants

A

hyperbilirubinemia
40%
80%

37
Q

most frequent readmission for newborns is _____

A

jaundice

38
Q

want jandice to be under ______

A

7 ml/dL

39
Q

what is a form of brain damage caused by excessive jaundice

A

neonatal kernicterus

40
Q

what is biliruben?

A

byproduct of the normal physiologic degradation of hemoglobin
- a pigment produced as heme from RBC break down

41
Q

after birth, released hemoglobin is broken down by ________________. production in neonate is double an adult because of _______

A

reticuloendothelial system
breakdown of fetal erythrocytes

42
Q

yellowing from jaundice should disappear from ____ first

A

feet

43
Q

bilirubin is usually processed by ____ and excreted in babys stool

A

liver

44
Q

why is jaundice so common

A

newborns liver not fully mature

45
Q

Physiological newborn jaundice
- time frame?
- levels?
- resolution?
- cause?

A
  • begins after 1st day of birth and rises with peak at day 5
  • bilirubin less than 12 mg/dL
  • resolves withing a few days
  • normal heme breakdown
46
Q

Pathological newborn jaundice
- time frame?
- levels?
- resolution?
- cause?

A
  • begins within 1st day and rises rapidly and lasts longer
  • levels more than 8 mg/dL
  • medical intervention with phototherapy
  • various pathological conditions
47
Q

bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus mortality rate is ______. May cause _______-

A

50%
- cerebral palsy
- hearing loss
- paralysis of upward gaze
- intellectual handicaps

48
Q

early jaundice vs. late jandice

A

early
- breast-nonfeeding jaundice
- breastfeeding jaundice

late
- breast milk jaundice

49
Q

breast-nonfeeding jaundice babies may occur because _________, usually resolves in _____ of birth

A

nursing infrequently or inefficiently

1-2 weeks

50
Q

breast-milk jaundice syndrome become apparent after the _______. Some causes could invlove__________

A

3rd day

  • substance in most mothers milk that increases intestinal absorption
  • individual variations in the infants’s ability to process bilirubin
51
Q

The AAP guidelines recommend phototherapy using ______________
Light is absorbed in bilirubin changing it to ____________ that can be excreted via the _____
AAP guidelines encourage continuation of breastfeeding

A

fluorescent lights
a water soluble product
kidneys

52
Q

main obsticle of breastfeeding multiples is _______

A

time and fatigue of the mother

53
Q

exclusive breastfeeding for ≥4 months protects against ______ and _____

A

dermatitis and wheezing

54
Q

evidence on gassy foods in mothers diet causing baby to have gas?

A

no relation

55
Q

low allergin maternal diet can help resuce distressed behavior in ____

A

colic

56
Q

Late preterm infants are born ____ weeks and may have subtle immaturity making _____ difficult.
several complications include _____

A

breastfeeding

  • carido-respiratory instability
  • poor temoerature control
  • lower glycogen and fat stores
  • immature immune system
  • week suck-swallow coordination
57
Q

in a preterm baby, they should be fed through _________ and should be _______ if they weigh less than_____

A

breastmilk
fortified
1.5 kg

58
Q

infant should not be brestfed if diagnosed with _______

A

galactosemia
- genetic metabolic disorder

59
Q

HIV ______ be transmitted to infant by breastmilk.

A

can be

60
Q

transmission rates of HIV thru breastmilk is ________ depending on duration of breastfeeding

A

5-20%

61
Q

breastfeeding during pregnancy is _____

A

safe and the mothers choice

62
Q

Milk banking provides human milk to infants who_____________

___________ infants are most likely to receive banked milk

Women are carefully ______ before they can donate extra milk to milk bank

A
  • cannot be breastfed by their mothers
  • Premature and sick
  • screened

Life Cycle Nutrition (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions