Adolescent Conditions Flashcards
Although the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia is ___ for adolescents, a larger proportion may have inadequate_______
low
iron stores
Estimates of iron deficiency among adolescents:
* ___% of 12- to 15-year-old females
* ___% of 12- to 16-year-old males
*___% of 15- to 19-year-old females
* ___% of 15- to 19-year-old males
9%
5%
11%
2%
most common nutritional deficiency among adolescents is _______
____% adolescent males
____% adolescent females
Iron-deficiency
<1% males
2% females
Risk factors for iron deficiency:
- Rapid _____
- Inadequate intake of iron or vitamin __ rich foods & Vegetarian and vegan diets
- Caloric restriction, meal skipping
- Participation in strenuous or endurance sports
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
growth
C
Iron supplementation
* Under age 12: ____ mg/day elemental iron
* Over age 12: ____ (males) to ____ (females) mg/day elemental iron
- Increase intake of foods rich in _______
iron & vitamin C
60
60
120
Risk Factors for Hypertension for Adolescents
* Family history of HTN
* High dietary ______ intake
* Hyper______
* Overweight or obesity
* Inactive lifestyle
* _______ use
sodium
hyperlipidemia
Tobacco
Nutrition Counseling for HTN
- Limit ______ intake
- Limit fat to <____% of calories
- _____ Diet: Consume adequate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, & low-fat dairy
- Weight management if overweight or obese
- Dietary recommendations should be encouraged even if meds are prescribed
sodium
30%
DASH
______ adolescents in the U.S. have elevated cholesterol levels
Risk factors include:
* Family history
* Diet
* Overweight
* Diabetes
* Physically inactive
1 in 4
dietary recommendations to reduce hyperlipidemia
- ______% of EER from fat
- Less than ____% of EER from saturated fat
- Avoid _____ fat as much as possible
- Encourage high dietary ______ intake
- Adequate fruits, vegetables, grains, lean protein & low-fat dairy
- Educate on healthier food choices when eating out and portion sizes
- Fat-free, unflavored milk
- Limit/avoid sugar-sweetened beverages
25-30%
10%
Trans
Fiber
Continuum of Weight-Related Concerns & Disorders
body dissatisfaction
dieting behaviors
disordered eating
clinically significant eating disorders
During adolescence, body image & self- esteem tend to be closely intertwined
* Body dissatisfaction increases dramatically around _______ and remains significant for the next _____ years
* ___________ is a main contributing factor to dieting behaviors, disordered eating behaviors, & eating disorders
menarche
1-2 yrs
Body dissatisfaction
Dieting is more common in __________
* Dieting & unhealthy weight control behaviors may increase chance of being overweight in the future
* Restrictive behavior may lead to hunger & cravings increasing the risk for binge- eating episodes
* May be indicative of increased risk for development of eating disorders
Hispanic & white females
Restricting or binge-purge behaviors that occur but with less frequency or intensity than required for a formal diagnosis of an eating disorder can be considered _________
* Includes=> self-induced vomiting, severe dieting or fasting, binge eating, compulsive physical activity, use of laxatives, diuretics, or diet pills
disordered eating behaviors
Estimated that ______% of adolescents have engaged in disordered eating behaviors
* Results of 2013 CDC Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance (YRBS):
* ____% of adolescents have fasted > 24 hours
* ___% have used diet pills
* ___% have used vomiting or laxatives to lose weight
10-20%
13%
5%
4%
Characterized by self-starvation leading to a
significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, & body image distortion
anorexia nervosa
subtypes of anorexia nervosa include ___________ and _________
restricting
binge eating/purging
Highest death rate out of all eating disorders
anorexia nervosa
Characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating in a short period of time frequently followed by inappropriate compensatory mechanisms
bulimia nervosa
compensatory mechanisms of bulimia nervosa?
must occur ____ for _____ to be diagnosed
- Self-induced vomiting
- Laxative abuse
- Compulsive exercise
- Enemas
> 1x/week for >3 months
what’s the difference between binge eating/purging anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
anorexia nervosa includes intense fear of gaining weight
bulimia does not
Condition in which an individual engages in eating large amounts of food and feels that the eating episodes are not within one’s control
bing-eating disorder
Diagnosis of binge eating disorder:
Binge episodes must occur at least _______ for _______
* Individual has feelings of powerless, guilt, and self-disgust over episodes of binge eating
once/week
3 months
Possible interaction between _____ and
_______ risk factors
Major contributing factors:
* Social norms emphasizing thinness
* Being teased about one’s weight
* Familial dynamics
* Physical and sexual abuse
* Body image issues and low self-esteem
genetics
environmental
Warning Signs for Eating Disorders
* Unexplained weight loss >_____ lb
* Very low kcal intake; avoid of dietary fats
* Binge eating episodes
* Self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic use
* Participating in a sport with a weight/size
requirement
* Overtraining; compulsive exercise
* Constant thoughts about food or weight
* Physical signs: amenorrhea, fainting, orthostatic hypotension (_____), cold intolerance, loss of muscle mass, erosion of dental enamel
> 10 lb
low blood pressure
Due to the complex etiology and potentially life- threatening physical, _________ consequences=> a multidisciplinary team approach
Core components of programs:
* Treatment of medical comorbidities
* Restoration of body weight to a normal level
* Nutrition education & counseling to normalize food-related thoughts and beliefs
* Individualized psychotherapy
* Family and group therapy
psychosocial, & behavioral
For individuals with life-threatening comorbidities, unstable medical or psychological status, severely low body weight
inpatient
For individuals who need daily contact with the healthcare team and whose body weight is sufficient to be treated as an outpatient
Partial-inpatient programs
For medically and psychologically stable patients
outpatient
Anorexia Nervosa
* ~______% die from the disease
* Deaths related to weakened immune system, cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, or suicide
* Early diagnosis & treatment improves chances for recovery
* <___% full recovery
*____% show improvement
* ____% chronically affected
10-15%
<50%
33%
20%
Bulimia Nervosa
* ~_____% die from disease
* Deaths related to ______ resulting
from ________ abnormalities, suicide
- Recovery rates:
- ~___% full recovery
- ~____% improvement
- ~___% chronically affected
2-3%
heart failure
electrolyte
48%
26%
26%
Substance use can influence disordered eating behaviors
* Chronic alcohol intake and drug use can result in ________
* Alcohol consumption may replace nutritious foods and beverages in diet
* Decreased _____ resources for food
reduced appetite
financial
Substance abuse may result in _________
depleted stores of vitamins and minerals
depleted stores of vitamins and minerals due to substance abuse can involve
- Iron deficiency anemia
- _______________ requirements may be higher among adolescents who frequently consume large quantities of alcohol
Thiamin and other B-vitamin
