Adolescent Conditions

Question 1

Although the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia is ___ for adolescents, a larger proportion may have inadequate_______

Answer 1

low
iron stores

Question 2

Estimates of iron deficiency among adolescents:
* ___% of 12- to 15-year-old females
* ___% of 12- to 16-year-old males
*___% of 15- to 19-year-old females
* ___% of 15- to 19-year-old males

Answer 2

9%
5%
11%
2%

Question 3

most common nutritional deficiency among adolescents is _______

____% adolescent males
____% adolescent females

Answer 3

Iron-deficiency

<1% males
2% females

Question 4

Risk factors for iron deficiency:

• Rapid _____
• Inadequate intake of iron or vitamin __ rich foods & Vegetarian and vegan diets
• Caloric restriction, meal skipping
• Participation in strenuous or endurance sports
• Heavy menstrual bleeding

Answer 4

growth
C

Question 5

Iron supplementation
* Under age 12: ____ mg/day elemental iron
* Over age 12: ____ (males) to ____ (females) mg/day elemental iron

• Increase intake of foods rich in _______

Answer 5

iron & vitamin C

60

60
120

Question 6

Risk Factors for Hypertension for Adolescents
* Family history of HTN
* High dietary ______ intake
* Hyper______
* Overweight or obesity
* Inactive lifestyle
* _______ use

Answer 6

sodium
hyperlipidemia
Tobacco

Question 7

Nutrition Counseling for HTN

• Limit ______ intake
• Limit fat to <____% of calories
• _____ Diet: Consume adequate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, & low-fat dairy
• Weight management if overweight or obese
• Dietary recommendations should be encouraged even if meds are prescribed

Answer 7

sodium
30%
DASH

Question 8

______ adolescents in the U.S. have elevated cholesterol levels

Risk factors include:
* Family history
* Diet
* Overweight
* Diabetes
* Physically inactive

Answer 8

1 in 4

Question 9

dietary recommendations to reduce hyperlipidemia

• ______% of EER from fat
• Less than ____% of EER from saturated fat
• Avoid _____ fat as much as possible
• Encourage high dietary ______ intake
• Adequate fruits, vegetables, grains, lean protein & low-fat dairy
• Educate on healthier food choices when eating out and portion sizes
• Fat-free, unflavored milk
• Limit/avoid sugar-sweetened beverages

Answer 9

25-30%
10%
Trans
Fiber

Question 10

Continuum of Weight-Related Concerns & Disorders

Answer 10

body dissatisfaction
dieting behaviors
disordered eating
clinically significant eating disorders

Question 11

During adolescence, body image & self- esteem tend to be closely intertwined
* Body dissatisfaction increases dramatically around _______ and remains significant for the next _____ years
* ___________ is a main contributing factor to dieting behaviors, disordered eating behaviors, & eating disorders

Answer 11

menarche
1-2 yrs

Body dissatisfaction

Question 12

Dieting is more common in __________
* Dieting & unhealthy weight control behaviors may increase chance of being overweight in the future
* Restrictive behavior may lead to hunger & cravings increasing the risk for binge- eating episodes
* May be indicative of increased risk for development of eating disorders

Answer 12

Hispanic & white females

Question 13

Restricting or binge-purge behaviors that occur but with less frequency or intensity than required for a formal diagnosis of an eating disorder can be considered _________
* Includes=> self-induced vomiting, severe dieting or fasting, binge eating, compulsive physical activity, use of laxatives, diuretics, or diet pills

Answer 13

disordered eating behaviors

Question 14

Estimated that ______% of adolescents have engaged in disordered eating behaviors
* Results of 2013 CDC Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance (YRBS):
* ____% of adolescents have fasted > 24 hours
* ___% have used diet pills
* ___% have used vomiting or laxatives to lose weight

Answer 14

10-20%

13%
5%
4%

Question 15

Characterized by self-starvation leading to a
significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, & body image distortion

Answer 15

anorexia nervosa

Question 16

subtypes of anorexia nervosa include ___________ and _________

Answer 16

restricting

binge eating/purging

Question 17

Highest death rate out of all eating disorders

Answer 17

anorexia nervosa

Question 18

Characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating in a short period of time frequently followed by inappropriate compensatory mechanisms

Answer 18

bulimia nervosa

Question 19

compensatory mechanisms of bulimia nervosa?

must occur ____ for _____ to be diagnosed

Answer 19

• Self-induced vomiting
• Laxative abuse
• Compulsive exercise
• Enemas

> 1x/week for >3 months

Question 20

what’s the difference between binge eating/purging anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Answer 20

anorexia nervosa includes intense fear of gaining weight

bulimia does not

Question 21

Condition in which an individual engages in eating large amounts of food and feels that the eating episodes are not within one’s control

Answer 21

bing-eating disorder

Question 22

Diagnosis of binge eating disorder:
Binge episodes must occur at least _______ for _______
* Individual has feelings of powerless, guilt, and self-disgust over episodes of binge eating

Answer 22

once/week
3 months

Question 23

Possible interaction between _____ and
_______ risk factors

Major contributing factors:
* Social norms emphasizing thinness
* Being teased about one’s weight
* Familial dynamics
* Physical and sexual abuse
* Body image issues and low self-esteem

Answer 23

genetics
environmental

Question 24

Warning Signs for Eating Disorders
* Unexplained weight loss >_____ lb
* Very low kcal intake; avoid of dietary fats
* Binge eating episodes
* Self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic use
* Participating in a sport with a weight/size
requirement
* Overtraining; compulsive exercise
* Constant thoughts about food or weight
* Physical signs: amenorrhea, fainting, orthostatic hypotension (_____), cold intolerance, loss of muscle mass, erosion of dental enamel

Answer 24

> 10 lb

low blood pressure

Question 25

Due to the complex etiology and potentially life- threatening physical, _________ consequences=> a multidisciplinary team approach

Core components of programs:
* Treatment of medical comorbidities
* Restoration of body weight to a normal level
* Nutrition education & counseling to normalize food-related thoughts and beliefs
* Individualized psychotherapy
* Family and group therapy

Answer 25

psychosocial, & behavioral

Question 26

For individuals with life-threatening comorbidities, unstable medical or psychological status, severely low body weight

Answer 26

inpatient

Question 27

For individuals who need daily contact with the healthcare team and whose body weight is sufficient to be treated as an outpatient

Answer 27

Partial-inpatient programs

Question 28

For medically and psychologically stable patients

Answer 28

outpatient

Question 29

Anorexia Nervosa
* ~______% die from the disease
* Deaths related to weakened immune system, cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, or suicide
* Early diagnosis & treatment improves chances for recovery
* <___% full recovery
*____% show improvement
* ____% chronically affected

Answer 29

10-15%

<50%
33%
20%

Question 30

Bulimia Nervosa
* ~_____% die from disease
* Deaths related to ______ resulting
from ________ abnormalities, suicide

• Recovery rates:
• ~___% full recovery
• ~____% improvement
• ~___% chronically affected

Answer 30

2-3%
heart failure
electrolyte

48%
26%
26%

Question 31

Substance use can influence disordered eating behaviors
* Chronic alcohol intake and drug use can result in ________
* Alcohol consumption may replace nutritious foods and beverages in diet
* Decreased _____ resources for food

Answer 31

reduced appetite
financial

Question 32

Substance abuse may result in _________

Answer 32

depleted stores of vitamins and minerals

Question 33

depleted stores of vitamins and minerals due to substance abuse can involve

• Iron deficiency anemia
• _______________ requirements may be higher among adolescents who frequently consume large quantities of alcohol

Answer 33

Thiamin and other B-vitamin