Adult Nutrition Flashcards
adulthood is ages ___ to ____
- early adulthood is ______
- Midlife is ____
- Time between midlife and later adulthood is called __________ and is _____ years old
- later adulthood is _____
20-64
20’s and 30’s
40’s
50’s (sandwich generation- multigenerational caregivers)
60’s
Nutrition & exercise are among the main lifestyle factors that reduce risk of the onset & severity of 5 of the 10 leading causes of death in adulthood, which include ____________.
- ______ is a risk factor for all these diseases
cancers
heart disease
chronic liver disease
diabetes mellitus
stroke
- obesity
system that looks at chronic disease risk is called _____
BRFSS
- behavioral risk factor surveillance system
example prevalence data for adults:
overweight or obesity
obesity
no leisure time activity
median daily vegetable intake
median daily fruit intake
overweight or obesity - 65%
obesity - 30%
no leisure time activity - 22.7%
median daily vegetable intake - 1.4
median daily fruit intake - 1
Some groups have a genetic disposition for certain diseases
- However, genetics, environment, & lifestyle behaviors often interact to determine the actual development of the disease
- Elimination of ____________ has become a priority within Healthy People objectives
health disparity
FOR WOMEN
- Growth stops by the _______
- Bone density continues to increase until ~ age ____
- Muscular strength peaks around _____ years of age
- Dexterity & flexibility _______
- Sensory ability begins to ______
20’s
30
25-30
decline
decline
FOR MEN
- after age ____, gradual decline in _______ levels and ___________
30
testosterone
muscle mass
Bone loss begins around age _____
- Osteoporosis risk dependent on ________
40
peak bone mass
Adiposity
- Positive energy balance resulting in increase in weight and adiposity
- ____________ occurs before visceral and ectopic fat
Hypertrophy
_____________ shifts and adapts with age, diet, geographic location, stress, supplements, and medications
Gut microbiome
Changes=> “______________”
- occur at the ________ level and are initially unnoticed
- progress over a long period and are reversible up to a point
- with continued poor nutrition=> permanent damage occurs
nutritional injury
cellular
Metabolic rate & caloric expenditure begin to decline in early adulthood at a rate of _____% for men and_____% for women per decade
- Reductions due to decline in physical activity and lean body mass
2.9%
2.0%
- Physical working capacity declines _____% per decade
- Declines in energy expenditure and physical capacity are accelerated with musculoskeletal disease, obesity, and other conditions
5-10%
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
- Equations incorporate ___________
- Developed using _____________ studies
age
wt
ht
gender
level of physical activity
doubly labeled water (DLW)
DRI % for…
Carbohydrate?
Fat?
Protein?
Carbohydrate is 45-65%
Fat is 20-35%
Protein is 10-35%
Fiber DRI vs. actual average intake
DRI
- 38 g/day males
- 25 g/day females
Intake
18.9 g/d for males
15.7 g/d for females
