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NYCC Physiopathology > Plasma Derived Mediators of Inflammation > Flashcards

Plasma Derived Mediators of Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What are chemical mediators of inflammation?

A

Substances which act to initiate and/or enhance an inflammatory reaction
Activate cells by binding specific receptors, recruit cells to sites of injury, stimulate the release of additional mediators
Ie. Bradykinin, thrombin, fibrin, nitric oxide, serotonin, histamine

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2
Q

Chemical mediators are __________ lived and are a ______________ phenomenon

A

Short, controlled

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3
Q

Redundancy of chemical mediators provides ___________________

A

Amplification

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4
Q

How are chemical mediators turned off?

A

Intrinsic mechanisms within the mediators themselves

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5
Q

What is the most important and potent chemical mediator in the kinin family?

A

Bradykinin

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6
Q

What are the two types of chemical mediators of inflammation?

A

Plasma- or cell-derived

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7
Q

What are some examples of cell-derived and plasma derived molecules that increase the adherence of WBCs to a vascular wall?

A
  • Plasma Derived = Thrombin
  • Cell Derived = LTB4, IL-1, PAF
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8
Q

What are opsonins?

A

Naturally occurring proteins which coat bacterium for destruction by phagocytes
Ie. C3B and IgG

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9
Q

What are examples of opsonins?

A

IgG and C3b

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10
Q

What is clotting factor XII also known as?

A

Hageman Factor

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11
Q

What plasma derived system of inflammation activates bradykinin?

A

Coagulation system (Hageman Factor XII)

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12
Q

What activates clotting factor XII in the kinin system of inflammation?

A

Bumping into collagen, basement membrane, tissue protein, negatively charged surfaces (things that shouldn’t be in blood)

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13
Q

What plasma-derived systems of inflammatory mediation does clotting factor XII (Hageman factor) stimulate?

A

Bradykinin (kinin system) and prothrombin (coagulation cascade)

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14
Q

What does bradykinin stimulate and bind to?

A

Nociceptors for pain and binds to endothelium to increase vasodilation and increase vascular permeability

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15
Q

Which plasma derived mediator of inflammation is chiefly responsible for a pain response?

A

Bradykinin

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16
Q

What are three examples of plasma mediated systems of inflammation?

A

Kinin system, complement system, and coagulation system

17
Q

What three ways is the complement system of inflammation activated?

A

Classic pathway (Antigen/Antibody interaction)
Alternative pathway (Lipopolysaccharide/Lipid A of gram negative bacteria)
Mannose pathway (Increased mannose on microbial surfaces)

18
Q

What is the classic pathway of plasma mediated inflammation?

A

Antigen-antibody interaction

19
Q

What is the alternative pathway of plasma mediated inflammation?

A

Lipopolysaccharide and lipid A are recognized on gram negative bacteria and indicate infection

20
Q

What is the mannose binding pathway of plasma mediated inflammation?

A

Increased levels of mannose on microbial surfaces are detected

21
Q

What are the four main plasma-derived chemical mediators of inflammation procured by the complement system of inflammation?

A

C3a
C5a
C3b
C5b-C9

22
Q

What is the function of C3a?

A

Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

23
Q

What is the function of C5a?

A

Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
Plasma-derived chemotactic agent and activation of arachidonic acid metabolism

24
Q

What is the function of C3b?

A

Opsoninization for phagocytes

25
Q

What is the function of C5b-C9?

A

Membrane attack complex to punch holes in bacteria

26
Q

What molecules produced by the complement system are anaphylatoxins implicated in type I hypersensitivity reactions?

A

C3a, C5a

27
Q

What does the coagulation cascade result in?

A

Blood-clot formation

28
Q

What is the proenzyme of thrombin?

A

Prothrombin

29
Q

What enzyme activates fibrinogen ——> fibrin?

A

Thrombin

30
Q

What enzyme activates plasminogen ——> plasmin?

A

TPA (Tissue plasminogen activator)

31
Q

What enzyme breaks down fibrin clots?

A

Plasmin

32
Q

What protein is involved in creating clots?

A

Fibrin

33
Q

What is the function of thrombin?

A

Activates fibrinogen to fibrin
Increases vascular permeability
Increases WBC adherence to endothelium (for clot formation)
Increases fibroblast proliferation (for clot formation)

34
Q

What is the function of fibrin split products?

A

Increased vascular permeability

35
Q

What is the function of plasmin?

A

Breaks down fibrin blood clots
Cleaves C3 to form C3a and C3b to turn on the compliment system

36
Q

What plasma-mediated system of inflammation is turned on by plasmin from the coagulation cascade?

A

Complement system

37
Q

What can be given to help clear a blood clot causing an ischemic stroke?

A

TPA injection

NYCC Physiopathology (27 decks)

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